Browsing by Author "Valenzuela-Hinrichsen, Andres"

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    Consequences of the exposome to gestational diabetes mellitus
    (2023) Rudge, Marilza V. C.; Alves, Fernanda C. B.; Hallur, Raghavendra L. S.; Oliveira, Rafael G.; Vega, Sofia; Reyes, David R. A.; Floriano, Juliana F.; Prudencio, Caroline B.; Garcia, Gabriela A.; Reis, Fabiana V. D. S.; Emanueli, Costanza; Fuentes, Gonzalo; Cornejo, Marcelo; Toledo, Fernando; Valenzuela-Hinrichsen, Andres; Guerra, Catalina; Grismaldo, Adriana; Valero, Paola; Barbosa, Angelica M. P.; Sobrevia, Luis
    The exposome is the cumulative measure of environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan, including those from the environment, diet, behaviour, and endogenous processes. The exposome concept and the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the United Nations are the basis for understanding the aetiology and consequences of non-communicable diseases, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pregnancy may be developed in an environment with adverse factors part of the immediate internal medium for fetus development and the external medium to which the pregnant woman is exposed. The placenta is the interface between maternal and fetal compartments and acts as a protective barrier or easing agent to transfer exposome from mother to fetus. Under and over-nutrition in utero, exposure to adverse environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, drugs, pharmaceuticals, lifestyle, air pollutants, and tobacco smoke plays a determinant role in the development of GDM. This phenomenon is worsened by metabolic stress postnatally, such as obesity which increases the risk of GDM and other diseases. Clinical risk factors for GDM development include its aetiology. It is proposed that knowledge-based interventions to change the potential interdependent ecto-exposome and endo-exposome could avoid the occurrence and consequences of GDM.
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    Shortcomings, limitations and gaps in physiological roles of extracellular vesicles in obesity
    (2024) Valero, Paola; Silva, Katherin; Valenzuela-Hinrichsen, Andres; Vasquez, Antonia; Espinoza, Fernanda; Lira, Fernanda; Cornejo, Marcelo; Fuentes, Gonzalo; Gonzalez, Daniel; Moore-Carrasco, Rodrigo; van der Beek, Eline M.; Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk; van Goor, Harry; Grismaldo, Adriana; Sobrevia, Luis
    Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating communication between cells across species and kingdoms. The intercellular communication facilitated by EVs through autocrine and paracrine signalling mechanisms is essential for cell survival, maintaining normal metabolic functions and ensuring overall bodily homeostasis and health. Extracellular vesicles are present in various bodily fluids, such as pleural effusions, plasma, breast milk, amniotic fluid, semen and saliva. Additionally, the generation and release of EVs contribute to the removal of cellular waste. Patients with obesity exhibit a higher release and amount of circulating EVs than individuals with normal weight. This increased EV release in obesity might contribute to the inflammatory state characteristic of this metabolic condition, because higher levels of pro-inflammatory molecules are found within their cargo. However, interpreting results related to EV abundance, cargo and biological actions can be complicated by several factors; these include variations in cell sources, a wide age range (from children to the elderly), a mix of females and males, medication use and health status, a range of body weights (from normal weight to morbid obesity) and differences between in vitro assays using cell lines versus primary cultures. This article addresses the shortcomings, limitations and gaps in knowledge, providing a framework for enhancing our understanding of the physiological effects of EVs on obesity. image