Browsing by Author "Valenzuela, Paulina"

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    Common mental disorders in Peruvian immigrant in Chile: a comparison with the host population
    (BMC, 2023) Errazuriz, Antonia; Schmidt, Kristin; Valenzuela, Paulina; Pino, Rodolfo; Jones, Peter B. B.
    BackgroundThe Inner Santiago Health Study (ISHS) aimed to (i) estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD; i.e. depressive and anxiety disorders) among immigrants of Peruvian origin in Chile; (ii) determine whether such immigrants are at higher risk of CMD when compared with the native-born geographically matched population (i.e. non-immigrants); and (iii) identify factors associated with higher risk of any CMD among this immigrant group. A secondary aim was to describe access to mental health services by Peruvian immigrants meeting criteria for any CMD.MethodsFindings are based on a population-based cross-sectional household mental health survey of 608 immigrant and 656 non-immigrant adults (18-64 years) residing in Santiago de Chile. Diagnoses of ICD-10 depressive and anxiety disorders and of any CMD were obtained using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The relationships between demographic, economic, psychosocial, and migration-specific predictor variables, and risk of any CMD were analyzed with a series of stepwise multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe one-week prevalence of any CMD was 29.1% (95% CI: 25.2-33.1) among immigrants and 34.7% (95% CI: 30.7-38.7) among non-immigrants. Depending on the statistical model used in the pooled sample, we found the prevalence of any CMD among non-immigrants to be higher (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.05-2.25) or similar (OR=1.34; 95% CI: 0.94-19.2) when compared with immigrants. In the multivariate stepwise regression of any CMD in immigrants only, the prevalence was higher for females, those with primary compared to higher education, in debt and exposed to discrimination. Conversely, higher levels of functional social support, sense of comprehensibility, and manageability were associated with a lower risk of any CMD in immigrants. In addition, no differences were observed between immigrants and non-immigrants reporting any CMD in mental health service utilization.ConclusionOur results evidence high levels of current CMD in this immigrant group, particularly amongst women. However, lower adjusted prevalence of any CMD in immigrants compared to non-immigrants was limited to preliminary statistical models, thus failing to provide clear support for a "healthy immigrant effect". The study sheds new light on differences in CMD prevalence by immigrant status in Latin America by examining differential exposure to risk factors in immigrant versus non-immigrant groups.
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    Optical and mechanical properties of Zr-oxide doped TiO2/SiO2 anti-reflective coatings for PV glass covers
    (2022) Zambrano-Mera, Dario F.; Espinoza-Gonzalez, Rodrigo; Villarroel, Roberto; Rosenkranz, Andreas; Carvajal, Nicolas; Pintor-Monroy, Maria I.; Montano-Figueroa, A. Gabriela; Arellano-Jimenez, Maria J.; Quevedo-Lopez, Manuel; Valenzuela, Paulina; Gacitua, William
    Multi-layer systems are frequently used as anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) due to their excellent optical properties. However, these systems suffer from erosive degradation (wear), thus urgently seeking alternative ways to improve their mechanical properties while maintaining their optical response. To tackle this problem, we propose to dope multi-layer TiO2/SiO2 coatings with Zr-oxides to enhance their crystalline structure and density/ compactness, as well as to form Si-Zr-O bonds. We explore the effect of Zr-oxide doping on the microstructure as well as the optical and mechanical properties of multi-layer TiO2/SiO2 coatings with the overall aim to synergistically induce enhanced optical and mechanical properties. Therefore, homogeneous 250 nm thick multi-layer TiO2/SiO2 coatings doped with Zr-oxides (different atomic concentrations) were deposited on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering. Based on our analysis, Zr-doping improves the optical and mechanical properties simultaneously. Among all ARCs, the sample annealed at 400 C and doped with 1 at.-% Zr presented an excellent anti reflective behavior and the best mechanical performance. These characteristics point towards an improved mechanical resistance (outstanding durability) and optical efficiency thus rendering them excellent candidates for the protection of glass covers on solar panels.