Browsing by Author "VALDIVIESO, V"

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    EFFECT OF AGING ON BILIARY LIPID-COMPOSITION AND BILE-ACID METABOLISM IN NORMAL CHILEAN WOMEN
    (1978) VALDIVIESO, V; PALMA, R; WUNKHAUS, R; ANTEZANA, C; SEVERIN, C; CONTRERAS, A
    Biliary lipid composition was determined in fasting gallbladder bile of 12 young and 12 elderly asymptomatic Chilean women with normal weights and recent, normal cholecystograms. The proportion of biliary cholesterol and the lithogenic index were significantly higher in elderly females. Moreover, supersaturated bile was present in 8.3% of the young and in 41.7% of the older women studied. Obesity enhances the saturation of bile in older females: lithogenic bile was found in 100% of 4 elderly, obese women with radiologically normal gallbladders. The bile acid pool and cholic acid metabolism were studied in 5 young and 4 older normal females. Both groups showed similar values of bile acid pool, cholic acid synthesis and turnover. Aging per se modifies the proportions of biliary lipids in Chilean women, and provide a partial explanation for the frequency of gallstones observed among them. The increment in the lithogenic index of gallbladder bile with age takes place without significant changes in bile acid metabolism, suggesting that the canalicular secretion of cholesterol increases with aging.
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    FREQUENCY OF GALLBLADDER CANCER IN CHILE, A HIGH-RISK AREA
    (1988) NERVI, F; DUARTE, I; GOMEZ, G; RODRIGUEZ, G; DELPINO, G; FERRERIO, O; COVARRUBIAS, C; VALDIVIESO, V; TORRES, MI; URZUA, A
    We report an autopsy study of gallbladder cancer prevalence in Chile, where the risk of this disease is among the highest reported world-wide. In 14,768 autopsy protocols obtained from 3 university hospitals, 45% of women and 20% of men older than 20 years had gallstone disease (the major known risk factor for gallbladder cancer). The prevalence of gallbladder cancer in Chileans was compared to that found in a Swedish-Czechoslovakian autopsy study previously published. These countries were chosen because of their high frequency of gallstone disease. The comparison was performed by using logistic regression models adjusting for possible differences in the age-sex structure or the true incidence of gallstones in both populations. We found that the most important single risk factor for gallbladdr cancer in Chile was gallstone disease, with an estimated effect on the logistic scale meaning that the cancer risk for subjects with gallstones is seven times higher than for those without the disease. Second in importance was the risk for sex, women being 2.8 times higher than for men. The estimated difference in the sex composition and the incidence of gallstones resulted in 17.9% higher odds of cancer in Chile than in Sweden and Czechoslovakia. However, this difference was not significant. This study suggests that the major etiologic factors of gallbladder cancer in Chileans, Swedes and Czechoslovakians are primarily related to gallstone disease.
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    INFLUENCE OF LEGUME INTAKE ON BILIARY LIPIDS AND CHOLESTEROL SATURATION IN YOUNG CHILEAN MEN - IDENTIFICATION OF A DIETARY RISK FACTOR FOR CHOLESTEROL GALLSTONE FORMATION IN A HIGHLY PREVALENT AREA
    (1989) NERVI, F; COVARRUBIAS, C; BRAVO, P; VELASCO, N; ULLOA, N; CRUZ, F; FAVA, M; SEVERIN, C; DELPOZO, R; ANTEZANA, C; VALDIVIESO, V; ARTEAGA, A
    Chileans and North American Indians have one of the highest prevalence rates of cholesterol gallstones in the world. The most common theory to explain this has been the operation of some as yet undefined genetic risk factor in these populations. Searching for some common environmental factor for gallstones in Chileans and North American Indians, we found that beans and other legumes are common foods consumed by both populations. In this study we tested the hypothesis that legume intake may favor the production of biliary cholesterol supersaturation. We studied 20 young men subjected to a diet containing 120 g/day of legumes and a control diet without legumes for a period of 1 mo each. Both diets supplied identical quantities of energy, carbohydrates, protein, total fat, fiber, and cholesterol. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration decreased by 16% (p < 0.001) after the legume diet. Biliary cholesterol saturation increased in 19 of the 20 subjects; the mean of the group markedly increased from 110% to 169% (p < 0.001) after the legume diet. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that legume intake is a potential risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease.
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    METAPLASIA AND PRECURSOR LESIONS OF GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA - FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION, AND PROBABILITY OF DETECTION IN ROUTINE HISTOLOGIC SAMPLES
    (1993) DUARTE, I; LLANOS, O; DOMKE, H; HARZ, C; VALDIVIESO, V
    Background. Gallbladder diseases, especially cholelithiasis, are extremely frequent in Chile, and an increasing frequency of gallbladder carcinoma has been observed during the last decades. Hyperplastic and atypical epithelial lesions of gallbladder epithelium have been considered potential precursors of invasive carcinoma. The current study was designed to study the frequency, distribution, extension, and probability of routine detection of potentially preneoplastic changes of gallbladder epithelium.
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    PREGNANCY AND CHOLELITHIASIS - PATHOGENESIS AND NATURAL COURSE OF GALLSTONES DIAGNOSED IN EARLY PUERPERIUM
    (1993) VALDIVIESO, V; COVARRUBIAS, C; SIEGEL, F; CRUZ, F
    Several recent reports have indicated an increased prevalence of gallstones in association with pregnancy. If these reports are true, the early puerperium should be a favorable time to detect the disease in its initial stages and follow its natural course. Accordingly, the gallbladder was examined by ultrasound in 980 women during the immediate postpartum period and in 150 nulliparous, age-matched healthy volunteers. Gallstones were detected in 12.2% of the puerperal women and in 1.3% of the control group.