Browsing by Author "Torres-Sahli, Manuel"

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    Dispositional Mindfulness Reduces Burnout and Promotes Flourishing in Medical Students: a Two-Wave Latent Change Score Model
    (2022) Zuniga, Denisse; Torres-Sahli, Manuel; Rigotti, Attilio; Pedrals, Nuria; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Padilla, Oslando; Lagos, Alejandra; McColl, Peter; Trucco, Olivia; Cisternas, Marcela; Gonzalez, Carolina; Bogado, Justo; Moraga, Ana Maria; Altamirano, Patricio; Duran, Esperanza; Mansilla, Marcela; Berrios, Carolina; Epstein, Ronald; Bitran, Marcela
    Objectives Many studies document the high prevalence of burnout among medical students. This syndrome may lead to depression, suicidal ideation, and increased academic dropout. However, there is a scarcity of evidence-based interventions to prevent it. The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify factors that may reduce students' burnout and foster their well-being, and upon which effective interventions can be developed. Methods A total of 1,117 medical students from eight Chilean universities were asked to complete a set of validated scales in 2015 and 2 years later, in 2017. The measures included distress, burnout, positive mental health, academic engagement, and dispositional mindfulness. Using logistic regressions and a two-wave latent change score model, the predictive power of these variables on burnout and flourishing (an optimal state of mental health) was studied, as well as their covariance across time. Results In total, 639 (57.2%) students answered the questionnaires in T1 and T2; 54.4% reported burnout in T1 and 56.2% in T2. Levels of dispositional mindfulness (the ability to pay attention to one's sensations, thoughts, and emotions in everyday life) predicted lower probabilities of burning out at 2 years, whereas having experienced burnout in T1 doubled these odds. Dispositional mindfulness, academic engagement, and flourishing at T1 predicted greater odds of flourishing 2 years later, while depression decreased these odds. Conclusions Dispositional mindfulness was the most powerful predictive factor of students' burnout and flourishing. As dispositional mindfulness can be nurtured through practice, incorporating mindfulness training into undergraduate medical programs may help reduce burnout and promote students' well-being as health professionals.
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    Reduced burnout and higher mindfulness in medical students after a self-care program during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (2021) Zuniga, Denisse; Torres-Sahli, Manuel; Nitsche, Pia; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Pedrals, Nuria; Grassi, Bruno; Cisternas, Marcela; Rigotti, Attilio; Bitran, Marcela
    Background: Medical students experience high levels of psychological stress during clinical training. However, most medical curricula do not teach self-care skills. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted medical education causing increased distress among students. Aim: To report the implementation and impact of an eight-week multifaceted mindfulness-based self-care program on medical students' distress and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty-three fourth-year medical students attended the program as part of a mandatory course from April to May 2020, during the rising phase of COVID-19 in Chile. They were evaluated using validated tests before and immediately after the program. The measures included burnout, dispositional mindfulness, perceived stress, traumatic stress reactions, general well-being, resilience, and stress coping strategies. Results: Burnout prevalence decreased from 48% to 24%, whereas students with high dispositional mindfulness increased from 25% to 44%. Burnout reduction was mostly due to decreased emotional exhaustion. Additionally, students reported lower levels of stress, self-blaming, and traumatic stress reactions alongside an increased use of active coping strategies and resilience levels after the program. Conclusions: A formal educational intervention, teaching self-awareness and self-regulation skills can help reduce medical students' distress and promote their well-being even amidst a pandemic.
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    Time and Memory: On the Narrative Mediation of Historical Subjectivity
    (2018) Haye M., Andrés; Herraz Mardones, Pablo Cristián; Caceres, Enzo; Morales, Ricardo; Torres-Sahli, Manuel; Villarroel Guerra, Nicólas Arturo