Browsing by Author "Torres Barrenechea, Rafael"

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    Intentos de suicidio y heridas auto-inferidas: 12 meses de seguimiento de conductas de riesgo de consumidores de cocaína no consultantes de servicios de rehabilitación
    (2016) Santis, Rodrigo; Hidalgo, Carmen Gloria; Hayden, Viviana; Anselmo, Enzo; Jaramillo, Andrea; Padilla Pérez, Oslando; Torres Barrenechea, Rafael
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    Prevalence of anxiety disorders in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Errázuriz Concha, Antonia; Avello Vega, Dalia de los Ángeles; Passi, Álvaro; Torres Barrenechea, Rafael; Bacigalupo Izquierdo, Félix; Crossley, Nicolás; Undurraga Fourcade, Eduardo Andrés; Jones, Peter B.
    Background The prevalence of anxiety disorders among the adult population in Latin America (LATAM) and its association with development indicators is insufficiently characterised. We estimated pooled regional, country, and sex-specific prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in LATAM based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria. Additionally, we examined the association between its prevalence and four country-level development indicators: Human Development Index (HDI), income inequality (Gini coefficient), Gender Inequality Index (GII), and Intentional Homicide Rate (IHR). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies on the prevalence of ICD/ DSM anxiety disorders in LATAM from 1990 to 2024, irrespective of language. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, and grey literature. Study quality was assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tools. Pooled estimates were generated using random-effects meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I-squared (I2) statistic. Meta-regression analyses were performed to examine the ecological association between anxiety disorders prevalence and four development indicators. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020190238). Findings Using data from 36 studies in LATAM, we calculated the lifetime, 12-month, and current prevalence of ICD/ DSM anxiety disorders at 14.55% (95% Confidence Interval 12.32%-17.11%; I2 = 97.9%); 6.61% (5.20-8.37; I2 = 98.1%), and 3.27% (2.34-4.56; I2 = 97.5%), respectively. Heterogeneity was high across prevalence periods, sexes, and countries (all I2 >= 91.4%), warranting caution in interpreting pooled estimates. Elevated 12-month and current prevalence rates of anxiety disorders were associated with higher Gini coefficients (p <= 0.0013). Additionally, higher current prevalence was associated with lower HDI (p = 0.0103) and higher GII (p = 0.0023), while elevated 12-month prevalence was associated with higher IHR (p = 0.011). Interpretation This study shows that approximately one in seven people in LATAM experience anxiety disorders at some point in their lives. These findings highlight the need to strengthen mental health systems in the region, and evidence the association between prevalence of anxiety disorders and development indicators. Our results can serve as a baseline for tracking anxiety disorders and for informed decision-making at the national and regional levels. The substantial heterogeneity between studies and the underrepresentation of some countries underscore the imperative for enhancing regional mental health capacities.
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    Prevalence of depressive disorder in the adult population of Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Errázuriz Concha, Antonia; Avello-Vega, Dalia; Ramírez Mahaluf, Juan P.; Torres Barrenechea, Rafael; Crossley Karmelic, Nicolas Andrés; Undurraga Fourcade, Eduardo Andrés; Jones, Peter B.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
    © 2023 The Author(s)Background: Depressive disorder is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide; however its prevalence and association with inequality and crime is poorly characterised in Latin America. This study aimed to: i. systematically review population-based studies of prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorder in Latin America, ii. report pooled regional, country, and sex-specific prevalence estimates, and iii. test its association with four country-level development indicators: human development (HDI), income (Gini) and gender inequality (GII), and intentional homicide rate (IHR). Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies reporting primary data on the prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorder in Latin America from 1990 to 2023, irrespective of language. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, SciELO (regional database), LILAC (regional database), and available grey literature. Study quality was assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tools. We generated pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis; heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Meta-regression analyses were used to test associations of depression prevalence with indicators of inequality and human development. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019143054). Findings: Using data from 40 studies in Latin America, lifetime, 12-month, and current prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorder were calculated at 12.58% (95% CI 11.00%–14.16%); 5.30% (4.55–6.06%), and 3.12% (2.22–4.03), respectively. Heterogeneity was high across lifetime, 12-month, and current prevalence, sex, and countries. 12-month and current prevalence was associated with higher Gini and GII, 12-month prevalence with lower HDI, and current prevalence with higher IHR. Interpretation: We found a high prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorders in Latin America, and a statistically significant association with inequality and development indicators. The high heterogeneity found across prevalence periods and the major gaps in country representation underscore the need to escalate efforts to improve mental health access and research capabilities in Latin America. Systematic, comparable prevalence estimates would inform more effective decision-making in the region. Funding: Pfizer Independent Medical Education Grant.
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    Self-Regulation of the Fusiform Face Area in Autism Spectrum: A Feasibility Study With Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback
    (2019) Pereira Quezada, Jaime Andrés; Sepúlveda, P; Rana, M.; Montalba, C.; Tejos Núñez, Cristián Andrés; Torres Barrenechea, Rafael; Sitaram, Ranganatha; Ruiz Poblete, Sergio Marcelo
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    Violencia intrafamiliar en Chile y su impacto en la salud: una revisión sistemática
    (2014) León, T.; Grez, Marcela; Prato Escarate, Juan Andrés; Torres Barrenechea, Rafael; Ruiz Poblete, Sergio Marcelo