Browsing by Author "Toro Maureira, Sergio"

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    Diminished Parties. Democratic Representation in Contemporary Latin America
    (Cambridge University Press, 2021) Abente Brun, Diego; Alfaro-Redondo, Ronald; Anria, Santiago; Augusto, María Claudia; Combes, Hélène; M. Conaghan, Catherine; Cyr, Jennifer; Gómez-Campos, Steffan; Lemus, Jonatán; Luna, Juan Pablo; Ortega, Bibiana; Pérez Bentancur, Verónica; Piñeiro Rodríguez, Rafael; Rosenblatt, Fernando; Sánchez-Sibony, Omar; Sarmiento, Viviana; Toro Maureira, Sergio; Vergara, Alberto; Vommaro, Gabriel; Wills-Otero, Laura; Luna, Juan Pablo; Piñeiro Rodríguez, Rafael; Rosenblatt, Fernando; Vommaro, Gabriel
    Many contemporary party organizations are failing to fulfill their representational role in contemporary democracies. While political scientists tend to rely on a minimalist definition of political parties (groups of candidates that compete in elections), this volume argues that this misses how parties can differ not only in degree but also in kind. With a new typology of political parties, the authors provide a new analytical tool to address the role of political parties in democratic functioning and political representation. The empirical chapters apply the conceptual framework to analyze seventeen parties across Latin America. The authors are established scholars expert in comparative politics and in the cases included in the volume. The book sets an agenda for future research on parties and representation, and it will appeal to those concerned with the challenges of consolidating stable and programmatic party systems in developing democracies.
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    Local Government, Social Media and Management of COVID-19: The Case of Chilean Mayoral Communication
    (2023) Luna, Juan Pablo; Alcatruz, Daniel; Pérez Muñoz, Cristian; Rosenblatt, Fernando; Toro Maureira, Sergio; Valenzuela Leighton, Sebastián Andrés
    Most research on governments’ use of social media focuses on the national or federal level. We therefore know little about the way local authorities harness social media platforms to communicate with their constituencies. This paper studies the role structural and political variables played in Chilean mayors’ political communication strategies during 2020–2021, a period of municipal elections marked by lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluate whether the volume and characteristics of mayors’ social media posts are related to political factors (partisanship; alignment or not with the governing block; years in office), socioeconomic characteristics (poverty rate; age profile; health infrastructure; etc.); and the incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths at the municipal level. We found that mayors’ social media communication strategies depend on the functions that different municipalities perform in the territory, and that socioeconomic variables differentiate these activities. More specifically, we found that mayors of poorer communities made more extensive use of social media during lockdown periods than did mayors of more affluent municipalities.
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    Partidos y sistemas de partidos en América Latina: aproximaciones desde la encuesta a expertos 2009
    (2009) Altman, David; Luna, Juan Pablo; Piñeiro, Rafael; Toro Maureira, Sergio
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    The Architecture of Cooperation: A Theoretical Proposal about Institutional Resilience
    (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION Y DOCENCIA ECONOMICAS, 2015) Rosenblatt, Fernando; Toro Maureira, Sergio
    In Latin America, institutions are either fragile or excessively strong. These are the main conclusions that can be inferred by looking at the institutionalist literature that focuses in the region. Although there are numerous studies about the effects of both traits, there are few analyses about the determinants that explain such results. Taking advantage of this theoretical vacuum, this paper introduces an analytical typology that build upon historical and rational choice institutionalism. We argue that to have better assessments of institutional stability and resilience it is critical to focus on the range and timing of the agreements reached by the agents involved in the institutional design. We claim that this focus will help understand institutional stability and instability as well as their degree of legitimacy.
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    The Effect of Electoral Laws on the Partisan Fragmentation in Chile, 1999-2008: Strategic Vote, Barriers to Entry and Information
    (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION Y DOCENCIA ECONOMICAS, 2011) Toro Maureira, Sergio; Morales Quiroga, Mauricio; Pineiro Rodriguez, Rafael
    This article analyzes the effects of majoritarian formulas on the effective number of candidates in the elections for president (absolute majority) and mayor (relative majority) in Chile. Although, in theory, greater fragmentation with the absolute majority system with run-off voting would be expected, the authors demonstrate that, in the case of Chile, precisely the opposite is observed. Fragmentation is greater in the relative majority system. This is explained by the lower entry and information costs that exist in mayoral elections with respect to presidential ones. We support this hypothesis with a time series statistical model (cross-sectional time series regression model). We use electoral data added to the communal level for the 2004 and 2008 municipal elections, and for the 1999 and 2005 presidential elections.
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