Browsing by Author "Tomas Ibarra, Jose"

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    Analysis of the echolocation calls and morphometry of a population of Myotis chiloensis (Waterhouse, 1838) from the southern Chilean temperate forest
    (2010) Ossa, Gonzalo; Tomas Ibarra, Jose; Barboza, Kathrin; Hernandez, Felipe; Galvez, Nicolas; Laker, Jerry; Bonacic, Cristian
    G. Ossa, J.T. Ibarra, K. Barboza, F. Hernandez, N. Galvez, J. Laker, and C. Bonacic. 2010. Analysis of the echolocation calls and morphometry of a population of Myotis chiloensis (Waterhouse, 1838) from the southern Chilean temperate forest. Cien. Inv. Agr. 37(2): 131-139. Echolocation is characteristic of bats of the suborder Microchiroptera. Though recent studies of echolocation calls in Latin America have generated significant advances in knowledge about distribution, habitat use and ecology of bats, the recording and analysis of bat calls is barely known in Chile. As a first step in studies on the ecology of the endemic Chilean myotis bat (Myotis chiloensis), we carried out morphometric measures and analyzed echolocation calls in a rural site near Puck (39 degrees 15'S 17 degrees W) in the Araucania Region of southern Chile. During January 2009, we obtained 22 records from captured and 75 records from flying individuals. The analysis of calls in searching phase showed that the terminal frequency for this species is 43.4 +/- 1.2 kHz, with a mean duration of 2.1 +/- 1.0 ms and an interval between pulses of 77.5 +/- 16.9 ms. The calls are FM - QCF, as is characteristic for the family Vespertilionidae. The contribution of new morphometric data from captured and released individuals indicates differences from previous studies. The records and acoustic analysis establishes a baseline for more detailed future ecological investigation of this and other bat species in Chile.
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    Diversity and singularity of the avifauna in the austral peat bogs of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, Chile
    (2010) Tomas Ibarra, Jose; Anderson, Christopher B.; Altamirano, Tomas A.; Rozzi, Ricardo; Bonacic, Cristian
    Ibarra, J.T., C.B. Anderson, T.A. Altamirano, R. Rozzi, and C. Bonacic. 2010. Diversity and singularity of the avifauna in the austral peat bogs of the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 37(1): 29-43. Sphagnum-dominated peat bogs that are strongly embedded within the southern temperate forest matrix are increasingly being used for agriculture. Nevertheless, little is known about their biodiversity. Moreover, the remote areas of southern Chile where peat bogs are found, such as the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR, 54-55 degrees S), where birds are the most diverse and best represented group of vertebrates, have not been well-investigated. With the aim to broaden this knowledge in the CHBR, we studied the diversity of the avian assemblage in peat bogs on Navarino Island. We compared the composition of avian species between wetlands with and without peat bogs to test if Sphagnum bogs represented a singular habitat for birds in this area. Furthermore, the 37 bird species recorded in these habitats were classified according to guild structure. The community similarity values showed that peat bogs hosted a bird composition that was different from that present in wetlands without Sphagnum, suggesting that peat bogs are a singular type of habitat for birds in the CHBR. The most frequently feeding groups recorded in these wetlands were insectivores (48.7%), followed by omnivores (23.1%). Our results showed that, in contrast to previous studies of birds in peat bogs, these environments constituted a distinct wetland habitat for feeding, reproduction and sheltering for some species in the CHBR. Thus, plans for the conservation and rational use of peat ecosystems should consider the high value of these habitats for biodiversity on a landscape scale, especially for birds of the southernmost extreme of the Americas.
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    HOW CAN WE TEACH OUR CHILDREN IF WE CANNOT ACCESS THE FOREST? GENERATIONAL CHANGE IN MAPUCHE KNOWLEDGE OF WILD EDIBLE PLANTS IN ANDEAN TEMPERATE ECOSYSTEMS OF CHILE
    (2016) Barreau, Antonia; Tomas Ibarra, Jose; Wyndham, Felice S.; Rojas, Alejandro; Kozak, Robert A.
    For many indigenous peoples, the contributions of wild edible plants go well beyond nourishment; they are often also used as dye and medicines, as well as markers of identity. However, historical and contemporary processes of land grabbing, forest loss, acculturation, and lifestyle changes may erode the transmission of plant knowledge to new generations. In this paper, we document 1) the botanical knowledge of wild edible plants and 2) perceived influences on the transmission of this knowledge to younger generations in a Mapuche community in Andean temperate forests, Chile. Thirty-seven people participated in this study. We conducted participant observation, freelists, and informal, photo-elicitation, and semi-structured interviews. A total of 47 wild edibles were recorded (42 plants were determined to species level by participants). Diguene (Cyttaria espinosae; Smith's Index of Saliency, S = 0.82) was the most salient wild edible, followed by changle (Ramaria flava, S = 0.68), maqui (Aristotelia chilensis, S = 0.67), murra (Rubus ulmifolius, S = 0.59), and pinon (Araucaria araucana, S = 0.56). Participants provided detailed information on species seasonality, ecology, and changes in availability over time. Most adult women and elders had a comprehensive knowledge of wild edibles. However, younger generations were not learning what the elders had once learned. The lack of access to forests and the formal school regime were reported as the main factors interrupting the transmission of knowledge. Because Mapuche pedagogy is oral and in situ, land loss and the school regime have left younger generations with few opportunities to engage in these forms of indigenous pedagogy.
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    The conservation value of tree decay processes as a key driver structuring tree cavity nest webs in South American temperate rainforests
    (2018) Altamirano, Tomas A.; Tomas Ibarra, Jose; Martin, Kathy; Bonacic Salas, Cristian