Browsing by Author "Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio"

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    Profiling caregivers: Caregiving workload, mobility, stress, and remote work difficulties
    (2025) Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio; Vecchio, Giovanni; Astroza, Sebastián; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Smith Piel, MaríaConsuelo
    The increasing focus on the urban dimensions of care has brought attention to mobility as a crucial aspect. However, traditional origin–destination and time-use surveys often overlook the nuanced and diverse aspects of care-related mobility. They fail to account for the variety of care tasks, socioeconomic conditions, spatial contexts, and relational dynamics that shape different forms of care-related movement. Our article aims to contribute to filling these gaps by analyzing caregivers’ mobility, caregiving tasks, and sociodemographic characteristics. Using a survey in Chile that compares a pre-pandemic scenario with the first reaction to the pandemic, the article uses hierarchical clustering to find caregiving-related profiles and a joint multivariate model to identify observed and unobserved effects impacting the level of stress, ease of movement, and struggle to engage in paid work from home. Our analysis identifies four distinct caregiving mobility profiles, revealing significant disparities. Caregivers with heavier workloads and limited resources experienced the greatest challenges, including restricted mobility, higher stress, and difficulty managing remote work. Our model shows that gender is a critical factor influencing stress, mobility, and work-from-home struggles, even after accounting for socioeconomic and behavioral factors. Individuals less concerned about COVID-19 mobility restrictions reported lower stress levels. Lower stress levels were reported by those less concerned about COVID-19 restrictions, while stress was notably higher among caregivers for individuals with special needs and young children (0–6 years). Connectivity issues further intensified remote work challenges. These findings underscore the need for urban mobility planning and policies that recognize caregiving as a relational activity shaped by spatial and social dynamics, emphasizing the diverse impacts on caregivers.
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    Using the five Ws to explore bikeshare equity in Santiago, Chile
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2021) Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio; Fuenzalida Izquierdo, Jorge; Sagaris, Lake; Mora, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Various studies show that bikeshare systems have positive implications for people's health, social cohesion, urban livability, and urban congestion, although many suggest bikeshare systems are not achieving equity goals, particularly regarding low-income people and women. To date, most of these studies come from cities in the Global North, the majority with well-managed governance structures and less inequality. Less is known about how well bikeshare systems work in the highly fragmented and unequal cities that characterize Latin America. Using both primary and secondary data, we analyzed equity through the five Ws of bikeshare in Santiago, Chile, exploring which population groups are using the system ('who'), travel purposes ('what') and time periods ('when'), from/to which locations ('where') and the reasons behind using this transport alternative ('why'). To do this, we used three main data sources: data from tracked trips of bikeshare cyclists (BSC) using the primary system in Santiago (Bike Santiago system run by Tembici), Santiago's Origin-Destination Survey data for own bike cyclists (OBC), and a survey of BSC. This article contributes to current knowledge about bikeshare and equity in a still underexplored Latin American context with limited bikeshare data, providing some conclusions regarding the adaptation of these systems to local contexts. In line with findings elsewhere, we found that the largest group of users consisted of educated men aged 25-45 from medium-to high-income neighborhoods, mainly using the system to travel to work. Santiago's fragmented governance has limited the placement of bikeshare systems in low-and middle-income communities and left them with few intermodal alternatives to relevant destinations. As a result, bikeshare mimics the existing inequity and economic concentration patterns that characterize Santiago's daily mobility. Based on these findings, we suggest key considerations and local adaptations that could improve, expand, and redistribute bikeshare facilities to attract currently excluded users.
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    Vulnerable individuals and institutions: the double territorial burden of COVID-19 in Chile
    (LIVERPOOL UNIV PRESS, 2021) Vecchio, Giovanni; Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio; Steiniger, Stefan; CEDEUS (Chile)