Browsing by Author "Suárez, Francisco"

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    Association between demographic, clinical characteristics and severe complications by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community-based healthcare network in Chile
    (2024) Leniz Martelli, Javiera; Hernández Jaña, Sam Steven; Soto Durán, Mauricio Javier; Soto, Mauricio; Arenas, Eduardo; Margozzini Maira, Paula Andrea; Suárez, Francisco; Capurro, Daniel; Rojas Villar, María Paulina; Bambs Sandoval, Claudia Elena
    Background Most of the evidence on risk factors for COVID-19 complications comes from North America or Europe with very little research from Latin-America. We aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical factors and the risk of COVID-19 complications among adults in Chile, the fifth Latin-American country with more COVID-19 reported cases since de beginning of the Pandemic. Methods A retrospective population-based cohort study using data from electronic health records from a large Primary Care Network, linked to national hospital, immunization, Covid-19 PCR surveillance, mortality and birth records. We included people 18+ years old enrolled in the Primary Care Network between 1st January 2020 and 31st December 2021. Using Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, we evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical characteristics with three COVID-19 complications: (1) a hospital admission, (2) an ICU admission, and (3) death due to a COVID-19 infection that occurred between the 1st January 2020 and the 31st December 2021. Results 44,674 people were included. The mean age was 44.30 (sd 17.31), 55.6% were female, 15.9% had a type of healthcare insurance for people from the lowest category of income, 11.6% and 9.4% had a record of hypertension or diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Among the 44,674 people, 455 (1.02%) had a hospital admission due to a COVID-19 infection and 216(0.48%) of them also had an ICU admission. Among the 44,674 people,148(0.33%) died due to COVID-19 infection. Older age and male sex were consistently associated with a higher risk of the three COVID-19 complications. Hypertension and diabetes were associated with a higher risk of a hospital admission and death, but not with an ICU admissions due to COVID-19 infection. Having two or more COVID-19 vaccine doses compared with no doses was associated with a lower risk of any hospital admission (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.77–0.84), an ICU admission (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.57–0.63) and death (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.46–0.54). Pregnant or puerperal women were more likely to be admitted to hospital (HR 2.89; 95% CI 1.41–5.89) or ICU (HR 3.04; 95% CI 1.01–9.14). Conclusions Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 complications such as age, sex and pre-existing conditions were comparable to those reported in similar studies from higher-income countries, and can be used to predict severity in COVID-19 patients.
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    Camino a ciudades sustentables: aportes desde la investigación a las políticas públicas urbanas en Chile
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2018) Vives, Alejandra; Román Castillo, Álvaro Javier; Daher Hechem, Antonio; Bonilla, Carlos; Rojas, Carolina; Matus Madrid, Christian Paulo; Henríquez, Cristián; Escobar Collao, Favio Ignacio Orlando; Link Lazo, Felipe Alejandro; Suárez, Francisco; Jorquera, Héctor; Silva, Hugo; Varas, Ignacio; Rehner, Johannes; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Herrera, Josefina; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Herrera, Juan Carlos; Muñoz, Juan Carlos; Ortúzar, Juan de Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
    La desigualdad urbana es parte habitual del paisaje de nuestras ciudades. Producto del funcionamiento del mercado neoliberal, de los procesos de individuación y de la precarización de la vida social, la ciudad se ha visto desafiada en su capacidad de integrar a los grupos más desfavorecidos. La sola acción del mercado es insuficiente para asignar espacios para la integración. Por ello, se hace necesario generar procesos y normativas que aseguren la capacidad de participación e integración a la sociedad de los más desfavorecidos.
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    Evaporation Driven by Atmospheric Boundary Layer Processes over a Shallow Saltwater Lagoon in the Altiplano
    Aguirre Correa, Francisca; Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Jordi; Ronda, Reinder; Lobos Roco, Felipe; Suárez, Francisco; Hartogensis, Oscar
    Observations over a saltwater lagoon in the Altiplano show that evaporation E is triggered at noon, concurrent to the transition of a shallow, stable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) into a deep mixed layer. We investigate the coupling between the ABL and E drivers using a land–atmosphere conceptual model, observations, and a regional model. Additionally, we analyze the ABL interaction with the aerodynamic and radiative components of evaporation using the Penman equation adapted to saltwater. Our results demonstrate that nonlocal processes are dominant in driving E. In the morning, the ABL is controlled by the local advection of warm air (∼5 K h−1), which results in a shallow (<350 m), stable ABL, with virtually no mixing and no E (<50 W m−2). The warm-air advection ultimately connects the ABL with the residual layer above, increasing the ABL height h by ∼1 km. At midday, a thermally driven regional flow arrives to the lagoon, which first advects a deeper ABL from the surrounding desert (∼1500 m h−1) that leads to an extra ∼700-m h increase. The regional flow also causes an increase in wind (∼12 m s−1) and an ABL collapse due to the entrance of cold air (∼−2 K h−1) with a shallower ABL (∼−350 m h−1). The turbulence produced by the wind decreases the aerodynamic resistance and mixes the water body releasing the energy previously stored in the lake. The ABL feedback on E through vapor pressure enables high evaporation values (∼450 W m−2 at 1430 LT). These results contribute to the understanding of E of water bodies in semiarid conditions and emphasize the importance of understanding ABL processes when describing evaporation drivers.
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    Sistema y método para monitorear evaporación a gran escala (Chile, concesión n° 69113)
    Suárez, Francisco; Guzman, Christian Dani; Berdja, Amokrane; Mendoza, Magdalena
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    Towards a Drought Monitoring, Tracking, and Management Platform Based on Quantitative Indices
    (2025) Gironás, Jorge; Núñez, Marialina; Vicuña, Sebastián; Aedo, Sebastián; Morales, David; Vargas, Javier; Guzmán, Juan de Dios; Suárez, Francisco
    Drought is a complex phenomenon that affects the development and use of the country’s water resources. Characterization through indices is critical in planning, management, and decision-making to mitigate the effects of drought, mainly when these are implemented in online platforms for monitoring, warning, and tracking the phenomenon. These tools serve as a basis for implementing a set of measures focused on the short, medium, and long term, oriented to different audiences, and with differentiation of procedures and entities involved depending on the case. This work proposes the technical basis for elaborating preventive drought monitoring in Chile through a visualization platform. Based on a comparative analysis of international tools and the results of a consultation with experts, the relevant characteristics of a system for drought monitoring, follow-up, and management based on standardized drought indexes are analyzed. It is concluded that such a platform should consider multiple drought indices with different levels of severity for their classification. These indices should be automatically calculated using as much information as possible, both from national and international sources, from in-situ gauges as well as from satellite and remote sensing products, and even obtained from modeling. On the other hand, the visualization should be simple, straightforward, and flexible, and the information delivered should provide information on the manifestation of drought in the territory and its short-term forecast.