Browsing by Author "Soto M."

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    Implementation of cancer prevention practices in primary care: results of a cohort study in Chile 2018–2022
    (2024) Puschel Illanes, Klaus; Rioseco A.; Soto M.; Paz S.; Martinez J.; Soto G.; Faundez M.; Arenas E.; Vescovi Z.; Fuentes I.; Thompson B.; Emery J.
    Objectives: The burden of cancer is increasing rapidly in Latin America. Primary care has an essential role in cancer prevention, but implementation levels of prevention practices are not well known. This study evaluated implementation levels and associated factors of cancer preventive practices in primary care over time. Study design: The study incorporated a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Methods: A population of 59,949 patients registered at three primary care clinics was followed from January 2018 to December 2022 in Santiago, Chile. We studied human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunisation, brief counselling for smoking cessation and alcohol consumption, and cervical and breast cancer screening practices. Standardised electronic medical records were utilised as the source of information. Social, clinical, and organisational factors associated with prevention practices were studied. Results: The cohort attrition level was 17.1%. Most of the population was of a low socioeconomic status, and 70% visited a primary health centre yearly. Implementation rates of immunisation practices were 90.84% for HPV and 80.94% for HBV in 2022. In contrast, brief counselling for smoking and alcohol consumption was below 20% during the study period. Cervical cancer screening decreased by 25.58% between 2018 and 2022, whereas breast cancer screening reached only 41.71% of the target population. Opportunistic medical visits were strongly associated with brief counselling and breast cancer screening. Conclusion: Implementation practices for cancer prevention in a Chilean primary care cohort are high for immunisation and very low for brief counselling and screening practices. A comprehensive non-medical-based model is needed to improve cancer prevention in primary care.
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    The matter, chemical reaction and thermodynamic models as structuring cores of a citizenship- oriented school chemistryLos modelos materia, reacción química y termodinámica como núcleos estructurantes de una química escolar orientada a la formación ciudadana
    (2021) Marzabal A.; Moreira P.; Cabello V.M.; Soto M.; Delgado V.; Izquierdo D.; Merino C.; Manrique F.; Cuellar L.
    © 2021 Facultad de Quimica, UNAM. All rights reserved.The present work proposes to consider models as structuring nuclei of school Chemistry school with the aim of overcoming the current curricular challenges and orienting chemistry education towards citizenship education. Through the analysis of the existing literature in the field of the curricular organization of School Chemistry, the matter, chemical reaction and thermodynamic models are identified and characterized as the nuclei of School Chemistry by identifying the conditions, entities, properties, activities and organization that student representations about material systems are expected to include, to reason about a set of relevant facts for citizen education.