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Browsing by Author "Solari Gajardo, Sandra"

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A simple RNA preparation method for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR
(2020) Wozniak Banchero, Aniela; Cerda Rojas, Ariel Patricio; Lamig Giannini, Liliana Andrea; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Guzmán Durán, Ana María; Riveras Hernández, Eleodoro Javier; Ferres Garrido, Marcela Viviana; Gutiérrez Ilabaca, Rodrigo Antonio; García Cañete, Patricia; Ibarra Henriquez, C.; Sebastian, V.; Armijo, G.; Lamig, L.; Miranda, C.; Lagos, M.; Quiroga, T.; Hitschfeld, S.
Aproximación al patrón de normalidad de TSH para la población chilena según Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
(2013) Mosso Gómez, Lorena; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Trejo, Pamela; Domínguez de Landa, María Angélica; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Arteaga U., Eugenio
Aumento de intoxicaciones intencionales por paracetamol en Chile (2019-2023): Estudio del Centro de Información Toxicológica UC
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2025) Iturra Montecinos, Pablo Andrés; Silva Silva, Lorena Alejandra; Bettini Silva, Marli Francesca; Medel Jara, Patricio Andrés; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Ríos Bustamante, Juan Carlos
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most widely used analgesics and antipyretics in the world. It's easy acquisition, however, has frequently involved it in accidental and intentional poisonings, which, depending on the dose ingested, could lead to liver damage. To counteract this problem, several countries and agencies have regulated the sale and use of paracetamol. Even so, recent studies have shown an increase in suicidal intoxications using paracetamol or other drugs, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: Characterize the variation in the number of paracetamol poisonings in Chile, registered by the Poison Control Center of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (CITUC), during the last 5 years. Methods: Observational study of the calls for cases of paracetamol ingestion, admitted to CITUC, between 2019 and 2023. Results: eleven thousand thirty-nine cases of paracetamol exposure were recorded, where 68.8% of these were related to suicidal ideation. This type of poisoning showed an 11% increase as of 2020. Female patients accounted for 80.3% of the cases of paracetamol ingestion for suicidal purposes, while in 56.6% of the cases of suicidal ideation, the patients reached potentially hepatotoxic doses of paracetamol. Conclusions: Paracetamol poisoning with suicidal intent has progressively and significantly increased in Chile since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. It is therefore necessary to replicate and implement preventive measures used by other countries to reduce poisonings related to this drug, in addition to taking steps to optimize the management of these cases.
Aumento de intoxicaciones intencionales por paracetamol en Chile (2019-2023): Estudio del Centro de Información Toxicológica UC
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Iturra Montecinos, Pablo Andrés; Silva Silva, Lorena Alejandra; Bettini Silva, Marli Francesca; Medel Jara, Patricio Andrés; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Ríos Bustamante, Juan Carlos
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most widely used analgesics and antipyretics in the world. It's easy acquisition, however, has frequently involved it in accidental and intentional poisonings, which, depending on the dose ingested, could lead to liver damage. To counteract this problem, several countries and agencies have regulated the sale and use of paracetamol. Even so, recent studies have shown an increase in suicidal intoxications using paracetamol or other drugs, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: Characterize the variation in the number of paracetamol poisonings in Chile, registered by the Poison Control Center of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (CITUC), during the last 5 years. Methods: Observational study of the calls for cases of paracetamol ingestion, admitted to CITUC, between 2019 and 2023. Results: eleven thousand thirty-nine cases of paracetamol exposure were recorded, where 68.8% of these were related to suicidal ideation. This type of poisoning showed an 11% increase as of 2020. Female patients accounted for 80.3% of the cases of paracetamol ingestion for suicidal purposes, while in 56.6% of the cases of suicidal ideation, the patients reached potentially hepatotoxic doses of paracetamol. Conclusions: Paracetamol poisoning with suicidal intent has progressively and significantly increased in Chile since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. It is therefore necessary to replicate and implement preventive measures used by other countries to reduce poisonings related to this drug, in addition to taking steps to optimize the management of these cases.
Bile acids synthesis decreases after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
(2016) Escalona, Alex; Muñoz, R.; Irribarra Pastenes, Verónica; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Allende, Fidel; Miquel P., Juan Francisco
Detección del SARS-CoV-2 mediante RT-qPCR utilizando saliva en pacientes ambulatorios con estudio de COVID-19
(2022) Perret Pérez, Cecilia; Abarca Villaseca, Katia; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Aguilera, Pablo; García-Huidobro Munita, Diego Nicolas; Olivares, Felipe; Palma, Carlos; Contreras, Ana María; Martínez Valdebenito, Constanza Pamela; Ferrés, Marcela
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a millones de personas en todo el mundo. La identificación de sujetos infectados ha sido importante para el control. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento deuna reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RPC) cuantitativa en tiempo real (en inglés: RT-qPCR) para SARS-CoV-2, utilizando saliva como matriz en comparación con un hisopado nasofaríngeo (HNF). Metodología: Se reclutaron adultos en atención ambulatoria, la mayoría sintomáticos. Fueron estudiadas 530 muestras pareadas de saliva e HNF con RT-qPCR. Resultados: Fueron positivas 59 muestras de HNF y 54 de saliva. La sensibilidad con saliva fue 91%, especificidad 100%, el valor predictor positivo (VPP) 100%, valor predictor negativo (VPN) 98%. El índice Kappa fue de 0,95 y LR-0,08. En promedio, el umbral de ciclo (en inglés cycle threshold-CT) de la saliva fue 3,99 puntos más alto que los de HNF (p < 0,0001) mostrando que la carga viral (CV) es menor en saliva. La carga viral en ambas disminuyó con el tiempo después del inicio de los síntomas. El muestreo de saliva fue preferido por los sujetos en lugar de HNF. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que la RPC para SARS-CoV-2 utilizando saliva, es adecuada para el diagnóstico de COVID-19 en adultos ambulatorios,especialmente en la etapa temprana de los síntomas.
Dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics in the obese
(2015) Cortínez Fernández, Luis Ignacio; Anderson, Brian J.; Holford, Nick H. G.; Puga, Valentina; De La Fuente, Natalia; Auad, Hernán; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Allende, Fidel; Ibacache Figueroa, Mauricio Enrique
Different effects of progesterone and estradiol on chimeric and wild type aldosterone synthase in vitro
(2013) Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Lagos Arévalo, Carlos Fernando; Fuentes Zúñiga, Cristóbal Andrés; Allende, Fidel; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Valdivia, Carolina.; Tapia Castillo, Alejandra.; Owen, Gareth Ivor; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Carvajal Maldonado, Cristián Andrés; Fardella B., Carlos; Ogishima, Tadashi.; Mukai, Kuniaki.
Abstract Background Familial hyperaldosteronism type I (FH-I) is caused by the unequal recombination between the 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) genes, resulting in the generation of a CYP11B1/B2 chimeric gene and abnormal adrenal aldosterone production. Affected patients usually show severe hypertension and an elevated frequency of stroke at a young age. Aldosterone levels rise during pregnancy, yet in pregnant women with FH-1, their hypertensive condition either remains unchanged or may even improve. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro whether female sex steroids modulate the activity of chimeric (ASCE) or wild type (ASWT) aldosterone synthase enzymes. Methods We designed an in vitro assay using HEK-293 cell line transiently transfected with vectors containing the full ASCE or ASWT cDNAs. Progesterone or estradiol effects on AS enzyme activities were evaluated in transfected cells incubated with deoxycorticosterone (DOC) alone or DOC plus increasing doses of these steroids. Results In our in vitro model, both enzymes showed similar apparent kinetic parameters (Km = 1.191 microM and Vmax = 27.08 microM/24 h for ASCE and Km = 1.163 microM and Vmax = 36.98 microM/24 h for ASWT; p = ns, Mann–Whitney test). Progesterone inhibited aldosterone production by ASCE- and ASWT-transfected cells, while estradiol demonstrated no effect. Progesterone acted as a competitive inhibitor for both enzymes. Molecular modelling studies and binding affinity estimations indicate that progesterone might bind to the substrate site in both ASCE and ASWT, supporting the idea that this steroid could regulate these enzymatic activities and contribute to the decay of aldosterone synthase activity in chimeric gene-positive patients. Conclusions Our results show an inhibitory action of progesterone in the aldosterone synthesis by chimeric or wild type aldosterone synthase enzymes. This is a novel regulatory mechanism of progesterone action, which could be involved in protecting pregnant women with FH-1 against hypertension. In vitro, both enzymes showed comparable kinetic parameters, but ASWT was more strongly inhibited than ASCE. This study implicates a new role for progesterone in the regulation of aldosterone levels that could contribute, along with other factors, to the maintenance of an adequate aldosterone-progesterone balance in pregnancy.Abstract Background Familial hyperaldosteronism type I (FH-I) is caused by the unequal recombination between the 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) genes, resulting in the generation of a CYP11B1/B2 chimeric gene and abnormal adrenal aldosterone production. Affected patients usually show severe hypertension and an elevated frequency of stroke at a young age. Aldosterone levels rise during pregnancy, yet in pregnant women with FH-1, their hypertensive condition either remains unchanged or may even improve. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro whether female sex steroids modulate the activity of chimeric (ASCE) or wild type (ASWT) aldosterone synthase enzymes. Methods We designed an in vitro assay using HEK-293 cell line transiently transfected with vectors containing the full ASCE or ASWT cDNAs. Progesterone or estradiol effects on AS enzyme activities were evaluated in transfected cells incubated with deoxycorticosterone (DOC) alone or DOC plus increasing doses of these steroids. Results In our in vitro model, both enzymes showed similar apparent kinetic parameters (Km = 1.191 microM and Vmax = 27.08 microM/24 h for ASCE and Km = 1.163 microM and Vmax = 36.98 microM/24 h for ASWT; p = ns, Mann–Whitney test). Progesterone inhibited aldosterone production by ASCE- and ASWT-transfected cells, while estradiol demonstrated no effect. Progesterone acted as a competitive inhibitor for both enzymes. Molecular modelling studies and binding affinity estimations indicate that progesterone might bind to the substrate site in both ASCE and ASWT, supporting the idea that this steroid could regulate these enzymatic activities and contribute to the decay of aldosterone synthase activity in chimeric gene-positive patients. Conclusions Our results show an inhibitory action of progesterone in the aldosterone synthesis by chimeric or wild type aldosterone synthase enzymes. This is a novel regulatory mechanism of progesterone action, which could be involved in protecting pregnant women with FH-1 against hypertension. In vitro, both enzymes showed comparable kinetic parameters, but ASWT was more strongly inhibited than ASCE. This study implicates a new role for progesterone in the regulation of aldosterone levels that could contribute, along with other factors, to the maintenance of an adequate aldosterone-progesterone balance in pregnancy.
Docohexaenoic acid improves the reduced umbilical vein relaxation observed in the offspring of pregnancies with maternal obesity
(2017) Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Villalobos Labra, Roberto Esteban; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Aguirre Polanco, Carolina; Samith Catalán, Bárbara Patricia; Rojas Vidal, María José
Background and objectives: Maternal obesity (MO) is associated with increased risk of long term metabolic risk in the offspring (REF), probably involving mechanisms such as early programming of insulin resistance in fetal and neonatal tissues. On the other hand, exposure to the polyunsaturated acid Docohexaenoic acid (DHA) has been related with increased insulin response in multiple cell types. The aims of our study were to evaluate the in vitro effect of DHA on vascular response of umbilical vein to insulin, and the role of the intracellular inhibitory phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1. Methods: Umbilical cords from normal and MO pregnant woman attending to obstetrics service at the Clinical Hospital of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile were obtained after informed consent. Isolated rings of umbilical vein were used to evaluate vasodilatation capacity by wire-myography, in absence or presence of insulin (10-10 to 10-6 uM, 0-20 min) and DHA (100 uM, 12 h). Primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to evaluated phosphorylated and total protein levels of IRS-1 in cells exposed or not to insulin (1 nM, 30 min), in absence or presence of DHA (100 uM, 12 h). 308 Ann Nutr Metab 2017;71(suppl 2):1–1433 Oral Abstracts Results: Insulin produces a significant vasodilation (20%) in umbilical vein rings from normal pregnancies, an effect that was absent in MO-derived umbilical rings. This vasodilator effect of insulin was recovered in umbilical vein rings from MO pregnancies pre-incubated with DHA. In addition, HUVEC from MO pregnancies showed increased levels of IRS-1 phosphorylated in serine307, compared with normal cells, a difference that was reduced by DHA, even in presence of insulin. Conclusions: In vitro addition of DHA recovers the reduced vascular response to insulin in umbilical vein from MO pregnancies, involving a reduction of the inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS in serine307.
Feeding and bone turnover in gastric bypass
(2014) Valderas Igor, Juan Patricio; Padilla Pérez, Oslando; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Escalona, M.; González Vicente, Gilberto
Heterocyclic amines in chicken meat: Development of new technologies for their quantification and mitigation
(2024) Allende Sanzana, Fidel Alejandro; Pedreschi Plasencia, Franco; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería
Las carnes, son una fuente de alimentación ampliamente utilizadas, por ser ricas en proteínas, minerales y otros nutrientes. En Chile, hay un aumento sostenido en el consumo de carnes, principalmente de carne de pollo. El 2013 se consumieron ~38 kg/año de carne de pollo per cápita (ODEPA), más del doble del promedio per cápita mundial (~16 kg). Por su parte, los procesos de calentamiento de carne a alta temperatura (150 a 250°C) la hacen más segura microbiológicamente y más apetitosa con los cambios de textura, apariencia y sabor, pero también, debido a la reacción de Maillard, se forman Aminas Heterocíclicas (HAs). Las HA son un grupo de contaminantes cancerígenos según la OMS, se forman en el proceso de cocción de la carne a alta temperatura y han sido asociados con cáncer de colon y otras patologías en diferentes estudios. En modelos animales han demostrado el desarrollo de tumores en el colon y otros órganos. Mientras que en Chile, el cáncer de colon se ubica entre los cánceres de mayor prevalencia. Actualmente, no se dispone en Chile de metodologías y tecnologías sensibles y específicas para cuantificar y mitigar HAs asociadas al proceso de cocción de carnes a alta temperatura. Por lo tanto, nuestros objetivos fueron Desarrollar nuevas metodologías y tecnologías sensibles y específicas por LC-MS, para cuantificar y mitigar HAs generadas en el proceso de cocción de carne de pollo a alta temperatura. Por lo tanto, se desarrolló una nueva metodología analítica utilizando QUECHERS-LC-MS/MS para cuantificar los HAs generados en carne de pollo cocida a diferentes temperaturas. Además, se ha desarrollado una nueva tecnología para mitigar la formación de HAs en la carne de pollo durante la cocción. Esta innovación se basó en la aplicación de extractos de vainas de Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa). Los resultados de la nueva metodología analítica desarrollada fueron: (i) Recuperación >82%; (ii) Efecto Matriz (92-103%); (iii) CV (3,7-11,4%) (iv) Precisión (103-115%); (iv) LOD 0,1 ng/g; (vi) LOQ 1 ng/g, cumpliendo con los parámetros de validación de la FDA. Finalmente, la tecnología de mitigación de HAs implementada, basada en extractos de vainas de Tara, reduce en promedio un 70 % del total de HAs producidos en la carne de pollo durante la cocción, convirtiéndose en una alternativa natural altamente eficaz, que aprovecha los compuestos bioactivos para la mitigación.
Identification of novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitors by combined ligand- and structure-based virtual screening
(2014) Lagos Arévalo, Carlos Fernando; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Allende, Fidel; Fuentes Zúñiga, Cristóbal Andrés; Tichauer, Juan E.; Valdivia, Carolina; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Tapia-Castillo, Alejandra; Baudrand Biggs, René; Villarroel, Pia; Cifuentes, Mariana; Owen, Gareth Ivor; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Fardella B., Carlos
LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Free Urinary Steroids
(2014) Allende, Fidel; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Carvajal Maldonado, Cristián Andrés; Lagos Arévalo, Carlos Fernando; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Baudrand Biggs, René; Owen, Gareth Ivor; Fardella B., Carlos
Performance of Propofol Target-Controlled Infusion Models in the Obese : Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis
(2014) Cortínez Fernández, Luis Ignacio; De la Fuente, Natalia; Eleveld, Douglas J.; Oliveros, A. M.; Crovari Eulufi, Fernando; Sepúlveda Varela, Pablo Andrés; Ibacache Figueroa, Mauricio Enrique; Solari Gajardo, Sandra
Pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation for prolonged infusion of levobupivacaine with or without epinephrine in transversus abdominis plane and erector spinae plane blocks: a randomised controlled trial and analysis of pooled data
(2025) Araneda, Andrea; De La Cuadra Fontaine, Juan Carlos; Corvetto Aqueveque, Marcia Antonia; Balde Sepúlveda, Detlef Peter Mario; De La Fuente Sanhueza, Rene Francisco; Ibacache Figueroa, Mauricio Enrique; Contreras, Víctor; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Cortinez Fernández, Luis Ignacio
Background: Interfacial blocks often require large volumes of local anaesthetic, raising concerns about systemic absorption and potential toxicity. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine with and without epinephrine during thoracic erector spinae plane (ESP) or transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks, simulating reported 48-h dosing regimens to evaluate safety. Methods: Data from three studies were analysed. Study 1 included 38 patients receiving an ESP block before video-assisted thoracoscopy, whereas Study 2 analysed published data on TAP blocks. Both studies used 20 ml of levobupivacaine 0.25% with or without epinephrine (5 μg ml−1), measuring arterial concentrations over 90 min. Study 3 involved intravenous bupivacaine administration in 10 healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetic analysis used NONMEM software, with significance set at P<0.05. Results: We analysed 258 ESP samples, 150 TAP samples, and 190 bupivacaine i.v. samples. A one-compartment model described the data, with a mean distribution volume of 41.9 L (coefficient of variation, 47%) and clearance rate of 0.288 L min−1 (coefficient of variation, 38%). Epinephrine reduced bioavailability (54.3% vs 32.8%) and prolonged absorption half-life (0.84 min vs 1.55 min; P<0.05). Simulated doses of 50 mg plus 300 mg per 24 h over 48 h remained below toxic thresholds. Conclusions: Similar dosing regimens for ESP and TAP blocks are supported by this pharmacokinetic analysis, with epinephrine effectively reducing systemic drug concentrations by prolonging absorption half-life and lowering bioavailability. The findings suggest that extended 300 mg per 24 h dosing for 48 h is likely to be safe. Further studies in broader patient populations are warranted to evaluate safety.
Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine with epinephrine in transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after caesarean section
(2018) Lacassie Quiroga, Héctor; Rolle, A.; Cortínez Fernández, Luis Ignacio; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Corvetto Aqueveque, Marcia Antonia; Altermatt Couratier, Fernando René
PS 10-19 Serum cortisone and cortisol/cortisone ratio as tool to identify subjects with severe and partial 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiencies
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2016) Carvajal Maldonado, Cristian Andrés; Tapia Castillo, Alejandra; Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; Valdivia, Carolina; Campino Johnson, María Del Carmen; Baudrand Biggs, Rene Felipe; Allende Sanzana, Fidel Alejandro; Pinochet Valenzuela, Constanza; Iturrieta González, Virginia Andrea; Lizama, Jaime; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Fardella Bello, Carlos Enrique
Objective: To report the phenotype of patients with AME by clinical and biochemical study, and expanding the study to their families and unrelated subjects to assess the value of F/E ratio as a biomarker partial deficiency of 11βHSD2.Design and Method: We evaluated 2 AME patients and their families. Family 1: A 17 years-old male with a homozygous Asp223Asn (D223N) mutation in HSD11B2, his mother (33 years) and sister (8 years); and Family 2: A 2 years-old girl with a homozygous Arg213Cys (R213C) mutation in HSD11B2, his father (30 years), her mother (30 years) and sister (6 years). We measured serum potassium, aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), microalbuminuria, NGAL and F/E ratio (HPLC-MS). Reference ranges (RR), percentiles (p) and cut-off points for F, E and F/E serum were determined on data obtained from adult and pediatric normotensive subjects (F/E children RR: 1.63 to 5.15 and F/E adults RR:2.6–7.8]). Genetic analyses were performed by PCR-HRM and DNA sequencing.Results: Family 1: Index case (mut D223N) with classical AME features and a high serum F/E ratio (28.8 (> p99)). His mother and sister were normotensive and heterozygous for the same mutation D223N without clinical and biochemical abnormalities but with high F/E ratios (13.1 (p97) and 7.4 (p97)), respectively). Family 2: Index case (mut R213C) with classical AME and and a high F/E (175 (>p99)). His father, mother and sister were heterozygous for R123C, and are clinically and biochemically normal except for high F/E ratios (p92, p93 and p85, respectively).Conclusions: A F/E ratio greater than p90 –often associated to a cortisone lesser than p30- in relatives of subjects with AME suggests that partial heterozygous alterations or deficit in HSD11B2 are able to be identified by studying the serum cortisone and F/E ratio without prior clinical or biochemical features of classic AME such as AH, suppressed PRA and hypokalemia.
Reduced docosahexaenoic acid content in neonatal erythrocytes from obese mothers
(2017) Samith Catalán, Bárbara Patricia; Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Villalobos Labra, Roberto Esteban; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Aguirre Polanco, Carolina; Rojas Reyes, María José
Reduced Immune Response to Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Cohort of Immunocompromised Patients in Chile
(Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022) Balcells Marty, María Elvira; Le Corre Pérez, Monique Nicole; Durán Santa Cruz, Josefina Gracia; Ceballos Valdivielso, María Elena Andrea; Vizcaya Altamirano, María Cecilia; Mondaca Contreras, Sebastián Patricio; Dib Marambio, Martin Javier; Rabagliati Borie, Ricardo Miguel; Sarmiento Maldonado, Mauricio; Burgos Cañete, Paula Isabel; Espinoza Sepúlveda, Manuel Antonio; Ferres Garrido, Marcela Viviana; Martínez Valdebenito, Constanza Pamela; Ruiz-Tagle Seguel, Cinthya Grace; Ortiz Koh, Catalina Alejandra; Ross Pérez, Patricio Daniel; Budnik Bitran, Sigall; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Vizcaya Vergara, María De Los Ángeles; Lembach, Hanns; Berríos Rojas, Roslye; Melo González, Felipe; Rios Raggio, Mariana; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Bueno Ramírez, Susan Marcela; Nervi Nattero, Bruno
Background Inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been widely implemented in low- and middle-income countries. However, immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients has not been established. Herein, we aimed to evaluate immune response to CoronaVac vaccine in these patients. Methods This prospective cohort study included 193 participants with 5 different immunocompromising conditions and 67 controls, receiving 2 doses of CoronaVac 8-12 weeks before enrollment. The study was conducted between May and August 2021, at Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) positivity, total anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibody (TAb) concentrations, and T-cell responses were determined. Results NAb positivity and median neutralizing activity were 83.1% and 51.2% for the control group versus 20.6% and 5.7% (both P < .001) in the solid organ transplant group, 41.5% and 19.2% (both P < .0001) in the autoimmune rheumatic diseases group, 43.3% (P < .001) and 21.4% (PP = .001) in the cancer with solid tumors group, 45.5% and 28.7% (both P < .001) in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection group, 64.3% and 56.6% (both differences not significant) in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant group, respectively. TAb seropositivity was also lower for the solid organ transplant (20.6%; P < .0001), rheumatic diseases (61%; P < .001), and HIV groups (70.9%; P = .003), compared with the control group (92.3%). On the other hand, the number of interferon gamma spot-forming T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 tended to be lower in all immunocompromising conditions but did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions Diverse immunocompromising conditions markedly reduce the humoral response to CoronaVac vaccine. These findings suggest that a boosting vaccination strategy should be considered in these vulnerable patients.
Reporte abreviado 2023 del Centro de Información Toxicológica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CITUC)
(2024) Silva Silva, Lorena Alejandra; Bettini Silva, Marli Francesca; Iturra Montecinos, Pablo Andrés; Medel Jara, Patricio Andrés; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Ríos Bustamante, Juan Carlos
Introducción: Las intoxicaciones son un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a la variedad de sustancias involucradas. El Centro de Información Toxicológica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, CITUC, fundado en 1992 en Chile, ha gestionado más de 75 mil emergencias toxicológicas. Conocer el perfil de las intoxicaciones y su evolución permite generar acciones de priorización, prevención e intervención. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de los llamados recibidos en la central de emergen-cias de CITUC durante el 2023, usando el software CITUC SRL® para registro, extracción y análisis los datos. Resultados: En 2023, CITUC recibió 32.731 reportes. La mayoría provinieron de la Región Metropolitana. Quién llamó principalmente fueron médicos (71,6%). En cuanto a los pacientes, el 45,5% vincularon a adultos y el sexo predominante fue el femenino 63,3%. 50,6% correspondieron a intentos de suicidio destacando adultos y adolescentes, seguido de exposiciones accidentales (34,9%), en menores de 12 años. En el 51,5% de los casos se encontraban sobre rangos de toxicidad y el 60,3% presentaron síntomas al momento del llamado. Los agentes de mayor frecuencia fueron los medicamentos que alcanzaron el 77,7% destacando la quetiapina, paracetamol y clonazepam. En el segundo grupo de agentes se ubicaron los productos de aseo donde predominó el cloro doméstico. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estu-dio muestran una preocupante alza de casos de intoxicaciones por medicamentos durante los últimos 10 años, principalmente en el contexto de ideación suicida en adultos y adolescentes que ingresan a los servicios asistenciales de salud. Dado que la epidemiologia de las intoxicaciones es dinámica, mostrando tendencias y escenarios que varían en el tiempo, es necesario mantener un seguimiento constante y publicar datos periódicamente.

Browsing by Author "Solari Gajardo, Sandra"

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