Browsing by Author "Slutske, Wendy S."
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- ItemA Multivariate Behavior Genetic Investigation of Dual-Systems Models of Alcohol Involvement(2018) Ellingson, Jarrod M.; Slutske, Wendy S.; Verges, Alvaro; Littlefield, Andrew K.; Statham, Dixie J.; Martin, Nicholas G.Objective: Dual-systems models hypothesize that individuals who tend to be drawn to risky behavior and are low in self-control are at greatest risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Importantly, these models assume that behavioral approach tendencies and self-control are distinct. This study investigated hypotheses and assumptions central to dual-systems models. Method: Participants were 3,509 members of a national twin registry (58% female). Structured interviews assessed alcohol use and AUD symptoms. Self-report questionnaires assessed individual differences in approach tendencies, namely for general risky behavior (sensation seeking) and substance use (positive expectancies). and behavioral control. Regression models tested nonadditive. interaction effects on alcohol involvement, as proposed by the dual-systems model. Multivariate behavior genetic models investigated the incremental validity of these interaction effects and whether approach tendencies and behavioral control explain distinct variance in alcohol involvement. Results: In regression models, we found interaction effects consistent with the dual-systems model for women but in the opposite direction for men. Aber accounting for additive main effects in behavior genetic models, however, these interaction effects played a negligible tole phenotypically and genetically. Further, sensation seeking and positive expectancies explained phenotypic and genetic variance in alcohol involvement that was distinct from behavioral control. Behavioral control, however, did not explain distinct variance in alcohol involvement. Conclusions: Contrary to dual-systems models, this study suggests that all of the variance in alcohol involvement explained by behavioral control is also shared with the tendency to engage in risky behavior (sensation seeking) and substance use (positive expectancies). Further, interaction effects central to dual-systems models failed to explain additional variance beyond basic main effects. Thus, more parsimonious models may better explain AUD.
- ItemA multivariate behavior genetic investigation of dual-systems models of alcohol involvement.(2018) Vergés, Álvaro; Ellingson, Jarrod M.; Slutske, Wendy S.; Littlefield, Andrew K.; Statham, Dixie J.; Martin, Nicholas G.
- ItemAre bottom-up and top-down traits in dual-systems models of risky behavior genetically distinct?(2013) Ellingson, Jarrod M.; Vergés, Álvaro; Littlefield, Andrew K.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Slutske, Wendy S.Numerous dual-systems models of personality have been posited, which propose that behavior is influenced by two complementary systems. A bottom-up system is characterized by emotion-based drive (e.g., urge for rewarding experience), and a top-down system is characterized by the ability to control those urges. Although evidence suggests that these two systems are distinct and may be important in explaining some behaviors, these constructs are also moderately correlated. Notably, there has been little molecular or behavior genetic research on the genetic distinctness of the two systems central to the dual-systems model. The current study used a national twin sample to investigate the degree to which bottom-up and top-down systems, measured here as personality traits of sensation seeking and lack of planning, respectively, covary through genetic and environmental influences. Whereas the overlap between these systems was primarily comprised of unshared environmental influences (e.g., measurement error and unshared systematic variation) in females, a statistically significant proportion of the overlap was accounted for by genetic factors in men. Further, the genetic factors for these systems were moderately to highly correlated in men (rG = 0.62-0.79). These results provide clear support for a dual-systems model in women; however, these systems appear to share some common genetic influences in men.
- ItemIntensity of daily drinking and its relation to alcohol use disorders(2018) Vergés, Álvaro; Ellingson, Jarrod M.; Schroder, Stephanie A.; Slutske, Wendy S.; Sher, Kenneth J.
- ItemIntensity of daily drinking and its relation to alcohol use disorders.(2018) Vergés, Álvaro; Ellingson, Jarrod M.; Schroder, Stephanie A.; Slutske, Wendy S.; Sher, Kenneth J.