Browsing by Author "Silva, Macarena"
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- ItemAri-Test: Set the Focus on the User Experience in the Design of a Self-Sampling Device for HPV Detection in Women(2024) Silva, Macarena; Gonzalez, Alberto; Caro Pinto, IvánHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) is regarded as the main cause of Cervical Cancer (CC), affectingover 440 million people worldwide (UC Christus Healthcare Network, s.f.), diagnosing over 600 thousand women each year, from which half of them die (WHO, 2023). In Chile, this outlook worsens, where 70% of over a thousand women who are diagnosed yearly die (Urrutia, 2015).It constitutes a global public problem, which has among its causes the inequality of access to healthcare services, refusal on the part of women to attend their gynecological check-ups, and other socioeconomic determinants (WHO, 2023) that complicate the situation. In the research, different critical interactions were raised, the most relevant is the lack of time and the discomfort generated by the PAP test (Papanicolau) experience, which distances women from the examination and, therefore, the early detection as well. These diseases are asymptomatic and don’t show obvious signs until they are in an advanced state and treatment becomes limited. However, its effects can be treated when detected in time. This implies that we’re facing a design problem that was not addressed as such. A healthcare and well-being concern that’s affecting people’s quality of life, so setting the view in the user’s experience is something that wasn’t being contemplated in these types of exams. The project proceeded considering the multiple aspects of the challenge but taking as priority those that directly influence the promotion of early detection. The research started as an undergraduate thesis in 2022 at the School of Design of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and it is currently financed by the National Research and Development Agency, Chile’s main funding state institution in research matters. Ari-test eases vaginal self-sampling for HPV detection, allowing women to regain agency over their gynecological experience and self-care by granting the possibility of access to the exam in a simple way from the comfort and privacy of their homes. The design process was approached from the iterative methodology of Health Design Thinking, which focuses on the real needs and behaviors of users instead of seeing them as patients defined by illness (Ku and Lupton, 2018). Including users in the process through co-designing tools and considering their gynecological experiences was crucial and challenged us to go beyond designing only for their bodies but working for and with them.
- ItemClinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19: a nationwide experience(2021) Ceballos, Maria Elena; Ross, Patricio; Lasso, Martin; Dominguez, Isabel; Puente, Marcela; Valenzuela, Pablo; Enberg, Margarita; Serri, Michel; Muñoz, Rodrigo; Pinos, Yazmin; Silva, Macarena; Noguera, Matías; Domínguez, Angélica; Zamora, Francisco; Chilean HIV/COVID-19 Study GroupIn this prospective, multicentric, observational study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV) requiring hospitalization due to COVID-19 in Chile and compare them with Chilean general population admitted with SARS-CoV-2. Consecutive PLHIV admitted with COVID-19 in 23 hospitals, between 16 April and 23 June 2020, were included. Data of a temporally matched-hospitalized general population were used to compare demography, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, and major outcomes. In total, 36 PLHIV subjects were enrolled; 92% were male and mean age was 44 years. Most patients (83%) were on antiretroviral therapy; mean CD4 count was 557 cells/mm3. Suppressed HIV viremia was found in 68% and 56% had, at least, one comorbidity. Severe COVID-19 occurred in 44.4%, intensive care was required in 22.2%, and five patients died (13.9%). No differences were seen between recovered and deceased patients in CD4 count, HIV viral load, or time since HIV diagnosis. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease were associated with a higher risk of death ( p = 0.02 and 0.006, respectively). Compared with general population, the HIV cohort had significantly more men (OR 0.15; IC 95% 0.07–0.31) and younger age (OR 8.68; IC 95% 2.66–28.31). In PLHIV, we found more intensive care unit admission (OR 2.31; IC 95% 1.05–5.07) but no differences in the need for mechanical ventilation or death. In this cohort of PLHIV hospitalized with COVID-19, hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities, but not current HIV viro-immunologic status, were the most important risk factors for mortality. No differences were found between PLHIV and general population in the need for mechanical ventilation and death.
- ItemPsychotherapie aus der Sicht von Klienten mit Schizophrenie(2016) Krause Jacob, Mariane; Abarzúa, Marianella; Silva, Macarena; Navarro, Daniela; Altimir Colao, Carolina
- ItemPsychotherapy from the perspective of Chilean patients with schizophrenia(2016) Abarzúa, Marianella; Silva, Macarena; Navarro, Daniela; Krause Jacob, Mariane
- ItemReading Comprehension in Children With Specific Language Impairment : an Exploratory Study of Linguistic and Decoding Skills(2015) Coloma T., Carmen J.; Silva, Macarena; Palma, Sandra; Holtehuer, Carolina
- ItemSARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV. Topics on the global panorama and in Chile(2022) Silva, Macarena; Blamey, Rodrigo; Ceballos, M. Elena; Araya, Ximena; Bastias, Carla; Twele, Loreto; Munoz, Rodrigo; Sciaraffia, Alicia; Pinera, CeciliaThe COVID-19 disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. To date, more than 500 million people have been infected and it has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide. People that belong to the most vulnerable risk groups, such as those at the extremes of life, patients with chronic comorbidities and those with severe immunosuppression, are especia-lly susceptible to developing a severe form of COVID-19 infection and death. Subjects living with HIV, especially those in precarious immunological conditions or those in whom antiretroviral therapy is yet to be started, may be at risk of developing complications related to COVID-19, as observed with other infectious diseases. This review aims to determine the magnitude of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on people living with HIV in Chile.