Browsing by Author "Sepulveda, Macarena"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Becoming neoliberal policy subjects: Staff members' discursive practices about school climate in Chile
    (2023) Webb, Andrew; Becerra, Sandra; Sepulveda, Macarena
    Reforms to school climate policies in Chile have led to a marked shift away from punitive approaches for dealing with bullying behaviours, toward more educationally formative processes. Schools in this national context have also been given greater responsibilities for designing anti-bullying practices relevant to their own educational communities. Based on qualitative interviews with staff members in six inner-city schools in the Chilean capital we query whether these policies really enable staff to create positive school climates. We suggest instead that, from a Foucauldian perspective of governance, staff become self-regulated subjects caught between a celebration of administrative autonomy and the pressure to meet national standards of anti-bullying in underfunded and under-resourced schools in socially deprived areas. Rather than solve bullying, staff become more occupied with the doing of new public management. We conclude by suggesting ways in which the current policies could be adapted to better support schools working in these contexts.
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    Disruptive behavior in the operating room: Systemic over individual determinants
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2022) Campos, Mauricio; Lira, Maria Jesus; Mery, Pamela; Calderon, Maribel; Sepulveda, Macarena; Pimentel, Fernando; Zuniga, Denisse
    Background: The operating room (OR) environment presents specific conditions that put stress on work dynamics. Disruptive behavior among members of the health team is recognized to affect work dynamics and patient outcomes. As surgeons have been syndicated as frequent disruptors, the objective was to explore their perceptions about OR working dynamics and the occurrence of disruptive behavior. Study design: Qualitative exploratory study, based on semi-structured individual interviews. Twenty participants were sampled until data saturation. For better context, we also included in the sample anesthesiologists, nurses, and technicians, among others. Using grounded theory framework, investigators extracted data from verbatim transcriptions with qualitative software. Results: Problems of infrastructure, interpersonal relationships, and organizational failures had most density of citations and trigger the most disruptive behavior narrated events. Although personality traits were noted to promote some disruptive behavior occurrence, systemic determinants were critical, such as poorly defined working roles and a plethora of personal ways to cope or avoid disruptive behavior. Conclusion: Our results suggest that disruptive behavior events are not just a matter of a surgeon's personality traits but also substantiated by systemic normalization, informal communication strategies, and undefined roles, making teams less resilient to unexpected events.
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    Moving Beyond Racism? Tensions Between Interculturalism and Conviviality in Chilean Schools from a Figurational Perspective
    (2023) Webb, Andrew; Becerra, Sandra; Sepulveda, Macarena
    Efforts to overcome racism in Chilean school contexts have primarily been enacted through intercultural and conviviality policies. While indigenous people's participation in schooling is much more equitable than in the past, we discuss some of the implicit tensions in staff members' narratives about overcoming racism. We draw on a figurational perspective to underscore staff members' perceptions of progress, the diminishing presence of racial discrimination toward indigenous students, and how this creates a sense of exceptionality. This, we argue, creates certain dangers of colour-blindness in these school environments. A figurational approach provides a long-duree perspective on racism as a social process that allows us to critique simplistic notions of progress and anti-discrimination, while also providing some countermeasures rooted in the concept of interdependency.
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    Public policies, sustainability, and smallholder producers' access to the market. The Productive Alliance Programme in Chile: A case study
    (2022) Castillo, Mayari; Perez-Silva, Rodrigo; Chamorro, Catalina; Sepulveda, Macarena
    This study analyses the role of Chile's Productive Alliance Programme (PAP) in increasing welfare and improving access to the market for smallholder producers, by developing a sustainable agriculture in both social and environmental terms. This programme started in 2007 under the Ministry of Agriculture and now serves 3,600 smallholders in Chile. It seeks to create commercial partnerships between these smallholders and large companies, providing subsidies to establish conditions that allow the farmers to build new capabilities and skills. This case study used qualitative methodology and carried out 36 semi-structured interviews over July and August 2020. Interviewees included companies and smallholder producers within different productive chains, as well as public officials. The purpose of this analysis is to discuss the opportunities family farmers have to become a fundamental link in the supply chain of competitive companies at the national and international level. By providing targeted training on market requirements, agricultural management, risk management and sustainable use of resources, the programme enables smallholder producers to establish stable commercial alliances, improving their productive and management capacity. Although the programme's main outcome is not related to a significant increase in smallholders' income, participants perceive more stable earnings, reduced uncertainty, and improve their productive skills, mainly in terms of management and sustainable farming practices.