Browsing by Author "Schwab, Wilfried"

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    Histochemical Analysis of Anthocyanins, Carotenoids, and Flavan-3-ols/Proanthocyanidins in Prunus domestica L. Fruits during Ripening
    (AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2020) Vio Michaelis, Sofia; Feucht, Walter; Gomez, Miguel; Hadersdorfer, Johannes; Treutter, Dieter; Schwab, Wilfried
    As a result of the high variability of fruit properties in the European plum Prunus domestica, a histochemical analysis of fruits at different stages of development was performed to understand the ripening process in cv. 'Colora' (yellow-red skinned) and cv. 'Topfive' (purple skinned). Histological analysis showed that carotenoids in the fruit had two different origins. In the fruit flesh, they derived from chloroplasts that turned into chromoplasts, whereas carotenoids in the fruit skin derived probably from proplastids. Flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins showed differential localization during ripening. They were visible in the vacuole in different fruit tissues or organized in tannosomes in the fruit flesh. Tanninoplasts were observed only in hypodermal cells of 'Colora'. Toward maturity, anthocyanins were detected in the epidermis and later in the hypodermis of both cultivars. The study forms a basis for the analysis of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in European plums and their biological effects.
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    Study of physiological and quality parameters during development and ripening of pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) fruit
    (2019) Contreras, Carolina; Schwab, Wilfried; Mayershofer, Mechthild; Morales, Ignacio; Gonzalez-Agueero, Mauricio; Defilippi, Bruno G.
    Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) fruit served as an important crop in Pre-Columbian Andean cultures. Despite the fact that pepino has been known for centuries, information about maturity indices and physiological quality parameters of its fruit is scarce. The objective was to increase our knowledge of pepino fruit physiology and maturity to improve fruit handling and storage. Pepin fruit were studied during 2015 and 2016 seasons. During 2015, developmental and maturity studies were carried out, whereas in 2016 the developmental study was repeated. Twenty-five fruit were analyzed during six developmental stages ranging from immature (stage 1) to senescent fruit (stage 6). Fruit were analyzed for soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), color, respiration and ethylene production, soluble sugars, organic acids, and aroma. For the maturity assay, nonsignificant differences were found between green background color (M1) and white background color (M2) in the different quality parameters, with the exception of firmness. Pepin is a non-climacteric fruit with a low ethylene production rate. Unlike foreign cultivars, Chilean pepinos have low amounts of citric acid, being the predominant acids: malic and quinic. Out of 22 volatile compounds identified in this study, the predominant aroma volatiles are 3-methyl-3-butenyl acetate and 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetate from the terpenoid pathway, and trans-2-hexenal from the lipoxygenase pathway. The quality parameters changing in a ripening-dependent manner were firmness, SSC, aroma and color. Other parameters such as TA and organic acids stayed constant throughout development. In addition to color and SSC, this study also suggests aroma as a harvest index.