Browsing by Author "Sapag, Jaime"

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    Client characteristics within the Chilean National Youth Addiction Treatment Demonstration System
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2011) Rush, Brian; Sapag, Jaime; Chaim, Gloria; Quinteros, Claudia
    In the context of an evaluation of a national demonstration program for youth addiction treatment in Chile, a sociodemographic and substance use profile of children and adolescents accessing services through this new program was developed. Information regarding sociodemographic factors, substance use, and problem severity; services used; and unmet needs was retrospectively gathered for all clients (685) admitted between January 1 and June 30, 2006. Thirty-two treatment centers (91.4%) provided data. The client population profile reflected severe psychosocial circumstances (e.g., 61.4% early exit from school). Of the population, 64.9% were classified in the highest substance risk level. The primary drug reported was cocaine-paste-base (52.7%). Comparisons to similar data in other countries illustrate the more severe profile of this Chilean treatment sample. The results suggest the need for increased outreach and comprehensive intersectoral approaches. Monitoring and evaluation should become part of the culture of the national drug treatment system in Chile and other countries. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc, All rights reserved.
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    Including culture in programs to reduce stigma toward people with mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries
    (2020) Mascayano, Franco; Toso-Salman, Josefina; Ho, Yu Chak Sunny; Dev, Saloni; Tapia, Thamara; Thornicroft, Graham; Cabassa, Leopoldo J.; Khenti, Akwatu; Sapag, Jaime; Bobbili, Sireesha J.; Alvarado, Ruben; Yang, Lawrence Hsin; Susser, Ezra
    Stigma is one of the main barriers for the full implementation of mental health services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recently, many initiatives to reduce stigma have been launched in these settings. Nevertheless, the extent to which these interventions are effective and culturally sensitive remains largely unknown. The present review addresses these two issues by conducting a comprehensive evaluation of interventions to reduce stigma toward mental illness that have been implemented in LMICs. We conducted a scoping review of scientific papers in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, OVID, Embase, and SciELO. Keywords in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. Articles published from January 1990 to December 2017 were incorporated into this article. Overall, the studies were of low-to-medium methodological quality-most only included evaluations after intervention or short follow-up periods (1-3 months). The majority of programs focused on improving knowledge and attitudes through the education of healthcare professionals, community members, or consumers. Only 20% (5/25) of the interventions considered cultural values, meanings, and practices. This gap is discussed in the light of evidence from cultural studies conducted in both low and high income countries. Considering the methodological shortcomings and the absence of cultural adaptation, future efforts should consider better research designs, with longer follow-up periods, and more suitable strategies to incorporate relevant cultural features of each community.
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    Treatment outcome and readmission risk among women in women-only versus mixed-gender drug treatment programs in Chile
    (2022) Olivari, Carla F. F.; Cruz, Andres Gonzales-Santa M.; Mauro, Pia M. S.; Martins, Silvia S.; Sapag, Jaime; Gaete, Jorge; Cerda, Magdalena; Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro
    Introduction: Traditional treatment programs for substance use disorder (SUD) tend to be male-dominated en-vironments, which can negatively affect women's access to treatment and related outcomes. Women's specific treatment needs have led some providers to develop women-only SUD treatment programs in several countries. In Chile, women-only programs were only fully implemented in 2010. We compared treatment outcomes and readmission risk for adult women admitted to state-funded women-only versus mixed-gender SUD treatment programs in Chile.