Browsing by Author "Santos, Jose L."

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A novel, inexpensive method of image coregistration for applications in image-guided surgery using augmented reality
    (OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2007) Lovo, Eduardo E.; Quintana, Juan C.; Puebla, Manuel C.; Torrealba, Gonzalo; Santos, Jose L.; Lira, Isidro H.; Tagle, Patricio
    OBJECTIVE: Augmented reality (AR) is a technique in which an overlay of a virtual image to a live picture is performed to create a new image in which both original images coexist as a single image. This results in the visualization of internal structures through overlying tissues. The objective was to describe an easy, inexpensive, and successful method to coregister with AR in an image-guided surgery setting using the resources at hand.
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    Allelic Variants of Melanocortin 3 Receptor Gene (MC3R) and Weight Loss in Obesity: A Randomised Trial of Hypo-Energetic High- versus Low-Fat Diets
    (PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2011) Santos, Jose L.; De la Cruz, Rolando; Holst, Claus; Grau, Katrine; Naranjo, Carolina; Maiz, Alberto; Astrup, Arne; Saris, Wim H. M.; MacDonald, Ian; Oppert, Jean Michel; Hansen, Torben; Pedersen, Oluf; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.; Alfredo Martinez, J.; NUGENOB Consortium
    Introduction: The melanocortin system plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Mice genetically deficient in the melanocortin-3 receptor gene have a normal body weight with increased body fat, mild hypophagia compared to wild-type mice. In humans, Thr6Lys and Val81Ile variants of the melanocortin-3 receptor gene (MC3R) have been associated with childhood obesity, higher BMI Z-score and elevated body fat percentage compared to non-carriers. The aim of this study is to assess the association in adults between allelic variants of MC3R with weight loss induced by energy-restricted diets.
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    Characterization of new microsatellite markers derived from sequence databases for the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
    (WILEY, 2008) Yanez, Jose M.; Gonzalez, Ruth; Angulo, Jenniffer; Vidal, Rodrigo; Santos, Jose L.; Martinez, Victor
    The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), a member of ratite family, is native to Australia and has been introduced to other countries worldwide. In this work, 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for emu from public sequences. Polymorphism was surveyed in 22 individuals from two different populations kept in captivity. Between two and 11 alleles were found per locus, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.85, in accordance with expectations. These markers will be useful as tools for detecting levels of genetic variation, reconstructing pedigrees (for quantitative genetic analysis) and identifying markers associated to fitness traits in emu populations.
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    Dynamic relationships between body fat and circulating adipokine levels from adolescence to young adulthood: The Santiago Longitudinal Study
    (2022) Kim, Daeeun; Howard, Annie Green; Blanco, Estela; Burrows, Raquel; Correa-Burrows, Paulina; Memili, Aylin; Albala, Cecilia; Santos, Jose L.; Angel, Barbara; Lozoff, Betsy; Justice, Anne E.; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Gahagan, Sheila; North, Kari E.
    Background and aims: Adipose tissue secretes adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, playing important roles in energy metabolism. The longitudinal associations between such adipokines and body fat accumulation have not been established, especially during adolescence and young adulthood and in diverse populations. The study aims to assess the longitudinal association between body fat measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry and plasma adipokines from adolescence to young adulthood.Methods and results: Among Hispanic/Latino participants (N Z 537) aged 16.8 (SD: 0.3) years of the Santiago Longitudinal Study, we implemented structural equation modeling to estimate the sex-specific associations between adiposity (body fat percent (BF%) and proportion of trunk fat (PTF)) and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin levels) during adolescence (16 y) and these values after 6 years of follow-up (22 y). In addition, we further investigated whether the associations differed by baseline insulin resistance (IR) status. We found evidence for associations between 16 y BF% and 22 y leptin levels (0 (SE): 0.58 (0.06) for females; 0.53 (0.05) for males), between 16 y PTF and 22 y adiponectin levels (0 (SE):-0.31 (0.06) for females;-0.18 (0.06) for males) and between 16 y adiponectin levels and 22 y BF% (0 (SE): 0.12 (0.04) for both females and males). Conclusion: We observed dynamic relationships between adiposity and adipokines levels from late adolescence to young adulthood in a Hispanic/Latino population further demonstrating the importance of this period of the life course in the development of obesity. (c) 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Early Obesity: Risk Factor for Fatty Liver Disease
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2020) Cuzmar, Valeriau; Alberti, Gigliola; Uauy, Ricardo; Pereira, Ana; Garcia, Cristian; De Barbieri, Florencia; Corvalan, Camila; Santos, Jose L.; Mericq, Veronica; Villarroel, Luis; Gana, Juan Cristobal
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as fat accumulation greater than 5% in hepatocytes, may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis later in life. NAFLD prevalence in adolescents has increased significantly in direct relation with obesity prevalence. Fatty liver has become the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in adults. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify anthropometric variables during the first 10 years of life associated to the risk of developing NAFLD in adolescence. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study 'Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study' (GOCS) consisting of 513 children born in 2002 to 2003, with yearly anthropometric data collected over a 10-year period. The presence of intrahepatic fat in the livers of subjects 14 to 16 years of age was determined using abdominal ultrasound. In addition, elastography was performed on all participants with ultrasound evidence of NAFLD. Results: 9.7% of the participants presented findings compatible with NAFLD. After 2 years of age, obesity significantly and progressively increased the probability of NAFLD occurrence in adolescence. Obesity at 5 years of age was associated with the highest OR for NAFLD, reaching values of 8.91 (95% CI 3.03-16.11). Among participants with NAFLD, those with altered liver elasticity (>= 7 kPa) had greater weight, BMIz-score, waist and hip circumference, and altered liver enzymes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The risk of developing NAFLD in adolescence increases progressively with early obesity starting at age 2 years.
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    Effect of three-component interactions among starch, lipids and proteins on the glycemic response
    (Elsevier, 2018) Parada, Javier; Santos, Jose L.
    For humans, starch is considered the most important dietary energy source worldwide, and can be usually found forming part of a matrix with lipids and proteins. So, knowledge regarding the role of interactions between such food components is crucial to design healthier food, since aspects such as resultant microstructure determine the product properties, either sensorial or nutritional ones, among others. This chapter reviews the microstructural principles of interactions between starch, lipids, and proteins in foods as well as their effect on postprandial glycemic response, considering some intrinsic differences among human individuals. The idea that foods without rapidly digestible starch will not mandatorily generate the lowest postprandial glycemic response will be discussed, highlighting that food microstructure, which modulates starch digestion, would play an important role in the final healthy property of starchy foods. 
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    High DHEAS in girls and metabolic features throughout pubertal maturation
    (2022) Pereira, Ana; Merino, Paulina M.; Santos, Jose L.; Iñiguez, German; Cutler, Gordon B.; Corvalan, Camila; Mericq, Veronica