Browsing by Author "Santelices, Maria Pia"

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    Chilean validation of the questionnaire of attachment evaluation in the adult CaMir shortened version
    (2023) Garrido-Rojas, Lusmenia; Guzman-Gonzalez, Monica; Carvajal, Carlos Calderon; Santelices, Maria Pia; Pierrehumbert, Blaise; Vega-Arce, Maribel
    The CaMir Adult Attachment Assessment Questionnaire is a self-report instrument based on Attachment Theory that assesses relationship models in adults and allows describing attachment strategies. The objective of this research was to develop a short version for the Chilean context. The results of two studies are presented. In Study 1, a reduced version of CaMir was obtained under a cross-validation strategy. In Study 2, the reduced version obtained in Study 1 was applied to a large sample of Chilean adults (n=1246). The results show evidence that supports the proposed internal structure, and the invariance analysis support the existence of equivalence/invariance of measurement between men and women. Additionally, this version obtained significant correlations with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Depression Scale. In summary, the results show that this new abbreviated version of the CaMir is an appropriate instrument for the study of relationship models and attachment strategies in Chilean adults.
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    Depressive Symptomatology and Parenting Stress: Influence on the Social-Emotional Development of Pre-Schoolers in Chile
    (2021) Santelices, Maria Pia; Tagle, Francisca; Immel, Nina
    (1) Background: The preschool stage is a period of great psychological changes that requires the support of parents and significant adults for optimal development. Studies show that maternal mental health can be a risk factor in parenting, affecting the social-emotional development of children. (2) Methods: The present study seeks to shed light on the relation between depressive symptoms, parental stress in mothers and social-emotional development of their preschool children, using a total of 123 mother-child dyads with low Social-economic Status (SES). In mothers, depressive symptomatology and level of parental stress were evaluated, as well as social-emotional development in children. A possible mediation effect between maternal depressive symptoms and parenting stress is expected. (3) Results: The results indicate that higher levels of depressive symptoms and parenting stress in mothers relate to greater difficulties in social-emotional development of their preschool children. (4) Conclusions: These results are clinically relevant from the perspective of family therapy: Parents need support to decrease their levels of parenting stress in order not to jeopardise their children's social-emotional development.
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    Effectiveness of a video-feedback intervention in sensitivity response aimed at orphanage caregivers
    (2022) Gerber, Denise; Santelices, Maria Pia; Gallardo, Ana Maria; Mata, Cecil
    The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a group video-feedback intervention aimed at Chilean caregivers of a preschool and infants orphanage that intended to enhance adult sensitivity. Adult sensitivity has been associated with the development of secure attachments in children. Nevertheless, infants that grow in an institutional setting tend to have insecure attachment patterns. The study included a sample of 14 caregivers of Fundacion San Jose institution, which were divided in 4 groups each receiving 5 sessions of video-feedback. Differences were found between the general score of sensitivity and the subscales of responsivity and synchronicity before and after the intervention. These preliminary results are promising considering that it was the first time that a group video-feedback intervention had been applied in orphanage caregivers.
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    Gender and Attachment Representations in the Preschool Years Comparisons Between Five Countries
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2009) Pierrehumbert, Blaise; Santelices, Maria Pia; Ibanez, Margarita; Alberdi, Maika; Ongari, Barbara; Roskam, Isabelle; Stievenart, Marie; Spencer, Rosario; Fresno Rodriguez, Andres; Borghini, Ayala
    Bowlby proposed that the individual's social experiences, as early as in infancy, contribute to the construction of Internal Working Models (IWMs) of attachment, which will later guide the individual's expectations and behaviors in close relationships all along his or her life. The qualitative, individual characteristics of these models reflect the specificity of the individual's early experiences with attachment figures. The attachment literature globally shows that the qualities of IWMs are neither gender specific nor cultural specific. Procedures to evaluate IWMs in adulthood have been well established, based on narrative accounts of childhood experiences. Narrative procedures at earlier ages (e. g., in the preschool years) have been proposed, such as Bretherton's Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT), to evaluate attachment representations. More than 500 ASCT narratives of preschoolers, coming from five different countries, have been collected, in the perspective of examining possible interactions between gender and culture regarding attachment representations. A specific Q-Sort coding procedure (CCH) has been used to evaluate several dimensions of the narratives. Girls' narratives appeared as systematically more secure than those of same-age boys, whatever their culture. The magnitude of gender differences, however, varied between countries. Taylor's model of gender-specific responses to stress and Harwood's and Posada's hypothesis on intercultural differences regarding caregiving are evoked to understand the differences across gender and countries.
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    Parental burnout and coparental cooperation in Chile during lockdown for COVID-19
    (2024) Araya-Rojas, Paulina; Santelices, Maria Pia; Oyarce, Daniela; Escobar, Josefina; Van Bakel, Hedwig
    Under usual circumstances, without a global pandemic, numerous parents might encounter stress associated with their roles as caregivers. However, with the added impact of the health crisis and the widespread adoption of lockdown measures, family routines were disrupted as many parents found themselves spending more time at home. Most caregivers had to juggle remote work while simultaneously providing care for their children. This situation has raised concerns about the potential for parental burnout. The objective of this study was to describe parental burnout in mothers and fathers during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Chile and analyze its relationship with possible risk factors such as days in quarantine, perceived impact of COVID-19 on parenting, hours dedicated to weekly paid work, and caregivers' perception of the need for care of their children. Furthermore, we sought to describe the relationship between parental burnout and coparental cooperation, evaluating the latter as a possible protective factor. An online cross-sectional survey design was used. The sample consisted of 599 people (78.5% mothers) over 18 years old who live in Chile with at least one child. Through a quantitative methodology and using R, multiple regression models were performed with predictive modeling to contrast the hypotheses. The results indicate that the variables related to lockdown, such as days in quarantine and level of involvement of fathers and mothers in parenting due to the pandemic, predict parental burnout. Caregivers' perception of the need for care of their children also has a significant impact on this phenomenon. In addition, mothers have higher levels of exhaustion than fathers. The number of hours of paid work does not predict parental burnout. Coparenting cooperation in this context can represent a protective factor against chronic stress.
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    Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Different Hispanic Countries: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach
    (2022) Manrique-Millones, Denisse; Vasin, Georgy M.; Dominguez-Lara, Sergio; Millones-Rivalles, Rosa; Ricci, Ricardo T.; Abregu Rey, Milagros; Escobar, Maria Josefina; Oyarce, Daniela; Perez-Diaz, Pablo; Santelices, Maria Pia; Pineda-Marin, Claudia; Tapia, Javier; Artavia, Mariana; Valdes Pacheco, Maday; Miranda, Maria Isabel; Sanchez Rodriguez, Raquel; Morgades-Bamba, Clara Isabel; Pena-Sarrionandia, Ainize; Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando; Silva Cabrera, Paola; Mikolajczak, Moira; Roskam, Isabelle
    Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants' countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one's children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA's predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain.
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    Parental burnout in the context of the socio-health crisis and its relationship with abuse and neglect
    (2024) Piraino, Catalina; Santelices, Maria Pia; Escobar, Maria Josefina; Oyarce, Daniela; van Bakel, Hedwig Johanna Antonia
    Background: The current state of affairs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures adopted in response to it are proving particularly complex for parents who have already experienced difficulties in their parental role, since these conditions are likely to increase the levels of Parental Burnout and the risk of Abuse and Neglect. Objective: We sought to describe and analyze the factors that could moderate the relationship between Parental Burnout and Maltreatment and Neglect during the pandemic period in Chile. To do so, we proposed three moderating variables of the current context: time under lockdown, the level of impact of the lockdown context, and sharing parental tasks with the partner or other adults since the beginning of the pandemic. Participants and setting: 572 parents were studied (447 mothers and 127 fathers). Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational, and comparative study was carried out. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed with the data obtained. Results: The higher the level of parental burnout, the higher the risk of maltreatment. It was also observed that the longer the time spent under lockdown, the lower the risk of maltreatment. On the other hand, the burden of not sharing household chores significantly increases Parental Burnout in mothers. Conclusion: Both Parental Burnout and Child Abuse and Neglect are likely to occur during this health crisis period. Knowing how Parental Burnout and Maltreatment and Neglect interact will make it easier to identify adaptive strategies in parents and their children and thus provide evidence for the design of interventions and preventive strategies.
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    Traumatic Experiences in Childhood and Maternal Depressive Symptomatology: Their Impact on Parenting in Preschool
    (2023) Santelices, Maria Pia; de los angeles Fernandez, Maria; Wendland, Jaqueline
    The goal of this study is to describe and analyze the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms and its relation to the parental interactions of mothers (19-47 years) with their 3-4 year old preschool children. Parental interactions, traumatic experiences in mothers' childhood, and current depressive symptoms were measured using the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I), respectively. A nonclinical sample of 81 Chilean mothers with their children was used. Results show that the presence of trauma in mothers' childhood has an impact on parenting; specifically, mothers with an emotional neglect experience showed greater difficulties in adequately promoting autonomy in their children.