Browsing by Author "Salazar, Erika"

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    Characterization of Bunch Compactness in a Diverse Collection of Vitis vinifera L. Genotypes Enriched in Table Grape Cultivars Reveals New Candidate Genes Associated with Berry Number
    (MDPI, 2025) Meneses, Marco; Muñoz Espinoza, Claudia; Reyes Impellizzeri, Sofía; Salazar, Erika; Meneses Araya, Claudio Antonio; Herzog, Katja; Hinrichsen, Patricio
    Bunch compactness (BC) is a complex, multi-trait characteristic that has been studied mostly in the context of wine grapes, with table grapes being scarcely considered. As these groups have marked phenotypic and genetic differences, including BC, the study of this trait is reported here using a genetically diverse collection of 116 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars and lines enriched for table grapes over two seasons. For this, 3D scanning-based morphological data were combined with ground measurements of 14 BC-related traits, observing high correlations among both approaches (R-2 > 0.90-0.97). The multivariate analysis suggests that the attributes 'berries per bunch', 'berry weight and width', and 'bunch weight and length' could be considered as the main descriptors for BC, optimizing evaluation times. Then, GWASs based on a set of 70,335 SNPs revealed that GBS analysis in this same population enabled the detection of several SNPs associated with different sub-traits, with a locus for 'berries per bunch' in chromosome (chr) 18 being the most prominent. Enrichment analysis of significant and frequent SNPs found simultaneously in several traits and seasons revealed the over-representation of discrete functions such as alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and glycan degradation. In summary, the utility of 3D automated phenotyping was validated for table grape backgrounds, and new SNPs and candidate genes associated with the BC trait were detected. The latter could eventually become a selection tool for grapevine breeding programs.
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    De novo transcriptome assembly of 'Angeleno' and 'Lamoon' Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina)
    (2016) González, Máximo; Maldonado, Jonathan; Salazar, Erika; Silva, Herman; Carrasco Gálvez, Basilio Alejandro
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    Genetically modified crops in Chile
    (2009) Salazar, Erika; Montenegro, Gloria
    E. Salazar, and G. Montenegro. 2009. Genetically modified crops in Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(3): 353-368. The economical, environmental and social impacts associated with genetically modified (GM) crops are supported by the increased use of GM species by farmers. This increase in the use of GM species has included a global increase in both the number of hectares with GM crops and the number of countries using this technology. However, the use of GM crops has some drawbacks, due to the environmental risks associated with some of the events and social risks related to intellectual property rights issues and the monopoly associated with this technology. An overview of the current status of the use of GM crops in relation to the production, benefits, associated risks, intellectual property rights, legislation and regulatory framework is presented, focusing in the situation of ties crops in Chile.
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    Phenotypic diversity and relationships among Chilean Choclero maize (Zea mays L. mays) landraces
    (2017) Salazar, Erika; Correa Correa, José Vicente; Araya, María José; Méndez, Marco A.; Carrasco Gálvez, Basilio Alejandro
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    Simple and robust DNA extraction method for the large-scale analysis of genotypes containing high polyphenolic content, such as landraces of Solanum tuberosum and Zea mays
    (2012) Barra, Macarena; Salazar, Erika; Beltran, Maria; Sagredo, Boris
    M. Barra, E. Salazar, M. Beltran, and B. Sagredo. 2012. Simple and robust DNA extraction method for the large-scale analysis of genotypes containing high polyphenolic content, such as landraces of Solanum tuberosum and Zea mays. Cien Inv. Agr. 39(3): 593-601. The extraction of high-quality DNA is essential for studies conducted at the molecular level in species with an abundance of contaminants in their tissues, such as some landraces of potato and maize, in which it is difficult to extract good-quality genomic DNA. Compounds such as polyphenols interfere with the amplification of DNA during polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which makes it difficult to conduct PCR-based studies of molecular markers. This article describes a simple and robust protocol for DNA isolation that was applied to potato and maize landraces and resulted in a high DNA concentration with excellent purity and quality. This method is based on the method of Krizman et al. (2006) with some modifications and was tested on potato leaves and young maize leaves. The protocol was compared with one commercial DNA extraction kit and three methods that were previously described for plant DNA extraction: Keb-Llanes et al. (2002), for plants with high polyphenolic content; Fulton et al. (1995), which was developed for Solanaceae and other herbaceous plants; and the original Krizman et al. (2006) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-activated charcoal method. The method proposed is suitable for isolating DNA from potato and maize genotypes with high polyphenol contents, yielding high-quality DNA that can be utilized for molecular techniques that involve PCR, cutting with restriction enzymes and other applications. The method is short, similar to a commercial kit, but cheaper. The amount of DNA extracted from maize using our method is superior compared with other published methods tested in this article.
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