Browsing by Author "Rojas, Luis"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Competences on hypoglycemia management among healthcare professionals in a clinical hospital
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2011) Rojas, Luis; Achurra, Pablo; Pino, Felipe; Ramirez, Pedro; Lopetegui, Marcelo; Sanhueza A, Luis Manuel; Villarroel, Luis; Aizman, Andres
    Background: A tight glycemic control of hospitalized patients increases the risk of hypoglycemia, whose management is not always optimal. Aim: To assess the hypoglycemia management competences of a multidisciplinary team in a clinical hospital. Material and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire about hypoglycemia management was answered by 11 staff physicians, 42 residents and 28 nurses of the department of medicine and critical care unit of a university hospital. Results: Respondents had a mean of 60% of correct answers, without significant differences between groups. The capillary blood glucose level that defines hypoglycemia was known by most of the respondents, but the value that defines severe episodes was known only by 60%. The initial management and follow up was well known only for severe episodes. Less than 50% knew the blood glucose value that required continuing with treatment. Conclusions: Although most professionals are able to recognize hypoglycemia, the knowledge about is management if insufficient. (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 848-855).
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    Convalescent plasma in COVID-19. Mortality-safety first results of the prospective multicenter FALP 001-2020 trial
    (2020) Gazitúa, R.; Briones, J. L.; Selman, C.; Villarroel Espíndola, F.; Aguirre, A.; González Steigmaier, R.; Cereceda, K.; Mahave, M.; Rubio, B.; Ferrer Rosende, P.; Sapunar, J.; Marsiglia, H.; Morales, R.; Yarad, F.; Balcells Marty, María Elvira; Rojas, Luis; Nervi Nattero, Bruno; Nien, J. K.; Garate, J.; Prieto, C.; Palma, S.; Escobar, C.; Bascuñan, J.; Muñoz, R.; Pinto, M.; Cardemil, D.; Navarrete, M.; Reyes, S.; Espinosa, V.; Yáñez, N.; Caglevic, C.
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    Early Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Plasma in Patients Admitted for COVID-19: A Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial
    (2020) Balcells, María Elvira ; Rojas, Luis ; Le Corre, Nicole ; Martínez-Valdebenito, Constanza ; Ceballos, María Elena ; Ferrés, Marcela ; Chang, Mayling ; Vizcaya, Cecilia ; Mondaca, Sebastián ; Huete, Álvaro ; Castro, Ricardo ; Sarmiento, Mauricio ; Villarroel, Luis ; Pizarro, Alejandra; Ross, Patricio ; Santander, Jaime ; Lara, Barbara ; Ferrada, Marcela ; Vargas-Salas, Sergio ; Beltrán-Pavez, Carolina ; Soto-Rifo, Ricardo ; Valiente-Echeverría, Fernando ; Caglevic, Christian ; Mahave, Mauricio ; Selman, Carolina ; Gazitúa, Raimundo ; Briones, José Luis ; Villarroel-Espindola, Franz ; Balmaceda, Carlos ; Espinoza, Manuel A. ; Pereira, Jaime ; Nervi, Bruno
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    Reanimación cardiopulmonar básica: conocimiento teórico, desempeño práctico y efectividad de las maniobras en médicos generales
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Rojas, Luis; Aizman, Andres; Pablo Arab, Juan; Utili, Franco; Andresen, Max
    Background: General physicians should be adequately trained to deliver effective resuscitation during ventricular fibrillation (VF). Aim: To assess the degree of knowledge, skills and practical effectiveness in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of Chilean general physicians. Materials and Methods: Forty eight general physicians starting Anesthesiology or Internal Medicine residency programs were evaluated. They answered a modified American Heart Association Basic Life Support Course written test and individually participated in a witnessed VF cardiac arrest simulated scenario. Execution of resuscitation tasks in the correct order, the quality of the maneuvers and the use of defibrillator were registered. Results: All participants acknowledged the importance of uninterrupted CPR and early defibrillation. Seventy five percent knew the correct frequency of chest compressions, but only 6.25% knew all the effective chest compression characteristics. Ninety eight percent knew the recommended number of breaths per cycle. In practice, 58% performed effective ventilations, 33% performed uninterrupted compressions, 14% did them with adequate frequency and only 8% performed chest compressions adequately. Forty four percent requested a defibrillator within 30 seconds and 31% delivered the first defibrillation within 30 seconds of defibrillator arrival. Airway, breathing, circulation and defibrillation sequence was correctly performed by 12% of participants and 80% acknowledged that their medical training was inadequate or insufficient for managing a cardiac arrest. Conclusions: Despite an elevated degree of knowledge about key aspects of CPR, this group of Chilean physicians displayed suboptimal practical skills while performing CPR in a simulated scenario, specially delivering effective chest compressions and promptly asking for and using the defibrillator. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 73-77).
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    SNPs and taxane toxicity in breast cancer patients
    (2014) Boso, Virginia; Jose Herrero, Mara; Santaballa, Ana; Palomar, Laura; Megias, Juan E.; de la Cueva, Helena; Rojas, Luis; Remedios Marques, Maria; Luis Poveda, Jose; Montalar, Joaquin; Alino, Salvador F.
    Aim: In order to identify genetic variants associated with taxanes toxicity, a panel with 47 SNPs in 20 genes involved in taxane pathways was designed. Patients & methods: Genomic DNA of 113 breast cancer patients was analyzed (70 taking docetaxel, 43 taking paclitaxel). Results: Two SNPs associated with docetaxel toxicity were identified: CYP3A4*1B with infusion-related reactions; and ERCC1 Gln504Lys with mucositis (p <= 0.01). Regarding paclitaxel toxicity: CYP2C8 HapC and CYP2C8 rs1934951 were associated with anemia; and ERCC1 Gln504Lys with neuropathy (p <= 0.01). Conclusion: Genes involved in DNA repair mechanisms and reactive oxygen species levels influence taxane toxicity in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy schemes not containing platinum. These findings could lead to better treatment selection for breast cancer patients.
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    Validation of the CALL score as a mortality prediction tool in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Chile
    (2023) Sanhueza, Matias; Barrera, Manuel; Pedemonte, Juan C.; Rojas, Luis
    Introduction: The CALL score is a predictive tool for respiratory failure progression inCOVID-19. Whether theCALL score is useful to predict short- andmedium-term mortality in an unvaccinated population is unknown.
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    Viral shedding dynamics reveals sputum as a reliable and cost-saving specimen for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis within the first 10 days since symptom onset: A prospective cohort study
    (2020) Levican, Jorge; Almonacid, Leonardo I.; Valenzuela, Gonzalo; García-Salum, Tamara; Rojas, Luis; Serrano, Eileen; Pardo-Roa, Catalina; Salinas, Erick; Avendaño, María José; Perazzo, Fabiola; Díaz, Luis Antonio; Valderrama, Sebastián; Ortega, Marcos; Toro, Adriana; Montecinos, Viviana; Riquelme, Arnoldo; Medina, Rafael A.
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) is challenging global public health, due to an increasing demand for testing and the shortage of diagnostic supplies. Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) is considered the optimal sample for SARS-CoV2 diagnosis and sputum (SPT) has been proposed as an economic alternative. However, the temporal concordance of diagnosis in NPS and SPT has not been addressed. Methods: Through a longitudinal study we compared the shedding dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 RNA evaluated by RT-qPCR in serially collected SPT and NPS obtained from 82 ambulatory and hospitalized patients during acute infection and convalescence. The concordance during the follow-up and cost analysis between both collected specimens was evaluated. Findings: We analyzed 379 samples, 177 NPS and 202 SPT. The highest proportion of positive samples was detected within the first 15 days after the symptoms onset. The median time of positivity was higher for NPS (median= 25 days) than SPT (median= 21 days). There was no significant difference in the median RT-qPCR CT values between both sample types. The temporal categorization of matched-paired samples indicated substantial correlation (r=0·6023) and substantial agreement (87·23%) during the first ten days since symptoms onset (kappa = 0·697). A cost analysis demonstrated a significant saving when the SPT specimen was used. Interpretation: Sputum is a feasible and cost-saving alternative to NPS, providing an equivalent value for the detection and follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.