Browsing by Author "Rodríguez Diez, Javier Esteban"

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    El precio de declarar pagado el precio (art. 1876 del Código Civil)
    (2023) Rodríguez Diez, Javier Esteban
    Este comentario analiza una reciente sentencia que considera que la cláusula de haberse pagado el precio en la compraventa impide que el vendedor pruebe que, en realidad, no recibió el precio. El fallo se apoya en las palabras “no se admitirá prueba alguna en contrario” del art. 1876, el cual es considerado aplicable entre las partes en tanto reflejaría el valor probatorio de los instrumentos públicos consagrado en el art. 1700. Se comenta críticamente esta decisión, ya que el art. 1876 asigna ciertos efectos a la cláusula de haberse pagado el precio únicamente respecto de terceros, como se desprende no solo de su tenor literal, sino, también, de las fuentes que lo inspiraron. Se critica, asimismo, el valor probatorio que el fallo concede a los instrumentos públicos, así como las consecuencias prácticas que de ello se siguen para el tráfico comercial cotidiano.
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    Mancipatio by an agent and the satisdatio and repromissio secundum mancipium as sureties for eviction
    (2019) Rodríguez Diez, Javier Esteban
    The satisdatio secundum mancipium and the repromissio secundum mancipium were the first stipulations for eviction granted by the seller in Roman private law. The obscurity of the sources on the subject has given place to various theories concerning the exact role of these institutions. This article attempts to analyse the available evidence by revisiting the traditional idea of the impossibility of an agent to mancipate, concluding that the role of the satisdatio and repromissio secundum mancipium was to grant the buyer a surety against eviction when an agent mancipated on behalf of the owner. This role would better explain the features of these institutions compared to other mechanisms protecting the buyer, such as the stipulatio duplae and the exceptio rei venditae et traditae. The sources suggest that a need for such surety was triggered by the absence of responsibility for auctoritas following from a mancipatio by an agent. This surety has moreover left traces in Roman legal practice, which confirm the role of these stipulations and their practical importance.
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    Pena contractual por incumplimiento de la promesa de compraventa de inmueble
    (2022) Rodríguez Diez, Javier Esteban
    Este comentario analiza una reciente sentencia que declara nulo un contrato de cierre de negocios relativo a la venta de un departamento, por estimar que no cumple con los requisitos propios del contrato de promesa, al tiempo que descarta la procedencia del cobro de una cláusula penal de $40 000 000 en favor del vendedor, en cuanto daría lugar a un enriquecimiento sin causa. Se comenta tanto la fisonomía del contrato impugnado como los mecanismos disponibles para la moderación de la cláusula penal, los cuales pueden permitir una solución más equilibrada que aquella que ofrece el tribunal.
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    Potestas alienandi, Transfer of ownership by a non-owner from Roman law to the DCFR
    (Wolf Legal Publishers, 2016) Rodríguez Diez, Javier Esteban
    The transfer of ownership by an authorized non-owner is a common situation in everyday commercial practice. However, the dogmatic framework surrounding it has often led to controversy when studying both Roman and modern private law. Key to this controversy is the introduction by German scholars, in the course of the 19th century, of the notion of ‘direct representation’ in order to approach the transfer of ownership by a non-owner. Regarding the study of Roman law, this involved assuming the existence of a primitive prohibition to alienate through a non-owner, since ‘direct representation’ was seen as a later innovation. This starting point had a decisive effect for the study of the transfer of ownership by a non-owner in Roman law, particularly concerning the significance of the voluntas domini, the way in which legal guardians alienate, the scope of praetorian innovations, the possibility to transfer ownership through formal acts and the role of the nemo plus rule. Regarding modern private law, this starting point has brought along a radical distinction based on whether the alienation takes place in the context of direct representation or not. This book attempts to offer a fresh view through a source-oriented approach in order to provide an outlook of the evolution of the transfer of ownership by a non-owner in Roman law, as well as the dogmatic and systematic standpoints among the jurists of the ius commune. Special attention is dedicated to the innovations of German scholarship, due to their significance for the study both of Roman law and for the evolution of modern private law.
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    Vicios redhibitorios y la acción indemnizatoria por impericia profesional del artículo 1861; Corte Suprema, 24 de marzo de 2021, Rol N° 9.737-2019
    (2021) Ithurria Benavente, María Jesús; Rodríguez Diez, Javier Esteban
    Este comentario analiza una reciente sentencia que declara la responsabilidad de un vendedor de un producto de alta complejidad cuyos defectos no fueron detectados a tiempo, para lo cual destaca el carácter autónomo de la acción indemnizatoria del art. 1861 respecto de las acciones edilicias y la imposibilidad de excluir el régimen de vicios redhibitorios sobre la base de la doctrina del aliud pro alio. Por otra parte, el comentario examina críticamente la determinación de la culpa del vendedor en razón de su profesión u oficio.