Browsing by Author "Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo"

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    A snapshot of cancer in Chile II: an update on research, strategies and analytical frameworks for equity, innovation and national development
    (2024) Vacarezza, Cristóbal; Araneda, Julieta; González Hevia, Pamela Andrea; Arteaga, Oscar; Marcelain, Katherine; Castellon, Enrique A.; Periera, Ana; Khoury, Maroun; Müller, Bettina; Lecaros, Juan A.; Salas, Sofia P.; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Corvalán R., Alejandro; de la Jara, Jorge J.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Goic B., Carolina; Nervi Nattero, Bruno; Roa, Juan C.; Owen, Gareth Ivor
    Abstract Introduction Chile has achieved developed nation status and boasts a life expectancy of 81 + years; however, the healthcare and research systems are unprepared for the social and economic burden of cancer. One decade ago, the authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure, together with a series of suggestions on research orientated political policy. Objectives Provide an update and comment on policy, infrastructure, gender equality, stakeholder participation and new challenges in national oncology. Assess the funding and distribution of cancer investigation. Present actions for the development of oncology research, innovation and patient care. Methods Triangulating objective system metrics of economic, epidemiological, private and public sector resources together with policy analysis, we assessed cancer burden, infrastructure, and investigation. We analyzed governmental and private-sector cancer databases, complemented by interviews with cancer stakeholders. Results Governmental policy and patient advocacy have led to the recognition of cancer burden, a cancer law, and a national cancer plan. Cancer has become the leading cause of death in Chile (59,876 cases and 31,440 cancer deaths in 2022), yet only 0.36% gross domestic product (GDP) is directed to research and development. Inequalities in treatment regimens persist. Prevention policy has lowered tobacco consumption, sugar intake via soft drinks and offered a high coverage of HPV vaccines. A high-quality cancer research community is expanding, and internationally sponsored clinical oncology trials are increasing. Conclusions The cancer law has facilitated advancement in policy. Prevention policies have impacted tobacco and sugar intake, while gender equality and care inequality have entered the public forum. Cancer research is stagnated by the lack of investment. Implementation of a cancer registry and biobanking, reinforcement of prevention strategies, development of human resources, promotion of clinical trial infrastructure and investment in new technologies must be placed as a priority to permit advancements in innovation and equitable cancer care.
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    Academic excellence in Latin America : social accountability of medical schools
    (2020) Puschel Illanes, Klaus; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Sapag Muñoz de la Peña, Jaime; Moore Clive, Philippa María; Díaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Fuentes López, Eduardo; Jiménez de la Jara, Jorge; Burdick, W.; Norcini, J.; Campos, H.; Valdez, J. E.; Llosa, M. P.; Lamus-Lemus, F.; Yulitta, H.; Grez, M.
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    Adaptation, psychometric properties and implementation of the Mini-CEX in dental clerkship
    (2020) Véliz, Claudia P.; Fuentes Cimma, Javiera Carolina; Fuentes López, Eduardo; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Medicina
    Background: Workplace-based assessment is a key component of dental students during their clerkship in order to demonstrate clinical proficiency. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the results obtained from adapting the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) to the clerkship of a dentistry program, and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: First, a Delphi panel method was used to ensure content validity. Then, the Mini-CEX was piloted in the dental clerkship where each student was assessed by at least two supervisors and a peer student; the psychometric properties, acceptability, and observation-time were analyzed afterward. Results: The pilot study was conducted between July and November of 2019. One hundred forty Mini-CEX were carried out on 30 students, eighty-four by supervisors and fifty-six by peers. The adapted instrument was proved to be unidimensional, obtaining an acceptable internal consistency (α=0.74). There was a difference in observation-time as the type of assessor changed; the medians (Q1-Q3) were 10 minutes (5-15) for supervisors and 30 minutes (20-45) for peer students (p<0.001). This difference was also observed when analyzing the assessor’s satisfaction (p<0.001) since the supervisor scored a median of 6 (6-6.75), and peer students scored a median of 7 (6-7). No differences were found between the scores given by supervisors and peers. Conclusion: The adapted version of the Mini-CEX can objectively assess students' clinical performance of dental student based on values of validity and reliability, which are similar to those obtained in the original instrument.
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    Adaptation, psychometric properties, and implementation of the mini-CEX in dental clerkship
    (2021) Véliz, Claudia P.; Fuentes Cimma, Javiera Carolina; Fuentes López, Eduardo; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
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    An instrument in Spanish to evaluate the performance of clinical teachers by students
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2010) Bitrán Carreño, Marcela; Mena Concha, Beltrán; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Padilla Pérez, Oslando; Sánchez Díaz, Ignacio; Moreno Bolton, Rodrigo
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    Análisis psicométrico del cuestionario DREEM para medir el ambiente de aprendizaje en Chile.
    (2015) Herrera R., Cristian; Padilla, Oslando; Solís, Nancy; Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia; Kattan Tala, Eduardo José; Díaz P., Luis Antonio; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
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    La asociación de un probiótico al régimen de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori no aumenta la eficacia ni disminuye los efectos adversos del tratamiento
    (2015) Zamora Helo, Maximiliano; Herrera A., Sofía; Yañez C., Gonzalo; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Zamora H., Maximiliano; Herrera A., Sofía; Yañez C., Gonzalo; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
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    Barriers for research activities in residency programs: A mix-methods study
    (2023) Merino Lara, Tomas Rodrigo; Rojas Donoso, Viviana Isabel; Fuentes López, Eduardo; Sanchez Rojel, Cesar Giovanni; Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia; Fuentes Cimma, Javiera Carolina; Cifuentes Aguila, Lorena Isabel; Cuello Fredes Mauricio Arturo; Carvajal Cabrera, Jorge Andrés; Balcells Marty, Maria Elvira; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
    Introduction: Research activities have a positive impact on the performance of residents. However, information on research conducted by residents from developing countries is scarce. Our study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators for developing research in medical residency programs in a Latin-American faculty of medicine. Methods: A mixed methodology study design was carried out. We used a grounded theory approach for the qualitative phase, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with faculty and residents. For the quantitative phase, surveys were administered to residents and teachers. We used factor analysis and scree plot (validity), Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass correlation coefficient (reliability) to evaluate the surveys' psychometric properties. Results: Focus groups involving ten faculty members and 15 residents were conducted, and the following domains were identified: a) facilitators for resident participation, b) barriers, c) strategies for introducing research into the curriculum, d) arguments supporting research activities throughout medical residency, and e) profile of research-motivated residents. Both residents and faculty members identified a lack of protected time and adequate mentoring as the major barriers. A gender gap was found related to international publications (34% vs. 66% women/men); women perceived that research activities 'compete with other activities' (OR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.07). Conclusions: Research is highly valued by both residents and faculty members at a Latin-American university with a strong academic output. Major barriers to promoting research in this context include lack of protected time and effective mentoring, and gender gaps. Strategies proposed to improve research within medical residency programs include: establishing an interdisciplinary mentoring program between residents and researchers, promoting elective rotations, and rewarding proposals that consider gender equity.
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    Bile acid supplementation improves established liver steatosis in obese mice independently of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion
    (2014) Quintero, Pablo; Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia; Solís, Nancy; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Padilla Pérez, Oslando; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Arrese Jiménez, Marco
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    Burnout en médicos residentes de especialidades y subespecialidades: estudio de prevalencia y variables asociadas en un centro universitario
    (2017) Díaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Núñez Palma, Carolina Verónica; Robles García, Camila; Bitrán Carreño, Marcela; Nitsche Royo, María Pía; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; González Tugas, Matías; Hoyl Moreno, María Trinidad; Lopetegui Lazo, Marcelo; Torres Lisboa, Patricio; Véliz Lagos, Daniela
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    Colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica con papilotomía de urgencia versus tratamiento conservador en pancreatitis aguda grave por cálculos biliares (APEC trial): un estudio aleatorizado multicéntrico
    (2021) Ruíz-Esquide Soto, Magdalena; Reyes Pérez, Catalina; Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Javier Ignacio; Díaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Pimentel Muller, Fernando
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    Control-flow analysis of procedural skills competencies in medical training through process mining
    (2020) Fuente Sanhueza, René Francisco de la; Fuentes Henríquez, Ricardo Sergio; Muñoz Gama, Jorge; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Altermatt Couratier, Fernando René; Pedemonte Trewhela, Juan Cristóbal; Corvetto Aqueveque, Marcia Antonia; Sepúlveda Fernández, Marcos Ernesto
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    Cytokine kinetics in severe sepsis. Its relationship with mortality and organic dysfunction
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2001) Dougnac Labatut, Alberto; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Calvo Arellano, Mario; Andresen Hernández, Max; Magedzo N., Amiran; Eugenin Arce, Eliseo Alberto; Marshall Rivera, Guillermo; Gutiérrez Torres, Miguel Alejandro
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    Descripción de los Procesos de Evaluación en la Escuela de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile: Experiencia de 10 años
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2010) Sánchez Díaz, Ignacio; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Moreno Bolton, Rodrigo; Salas I., Sofía; Pertuzé, Julio; García Cañete, Patricia
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    Development of ACLEEM questionnaire, an instrument measuring residents' educational environment in postgraduate ambulatory setting
    (2013) Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Padilla, Oslando; Herrera, Cristián A.; Olivos, Trinidad; Román Brugnoli, José Antonio; Sarfatis Feige, Alberto; Torres, Patricio; Roff, Sue
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    Diseño e implementación de un instrumento de evaluación por observación directa para evaluación de artrocentesis en la formación médica
    (2019) Ruz Ruz, Cristian Daniel; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Medicina
    Introducción: La artrocentesis de rodilla es un procedimiento que deben efectuar residentes de traumatología desde el inicio de su formación. Sin entrenamiento, la precisión de una punción ha demostrado ser regular (50 a 93%). Para el entrenamiento y evaluación de la artrocentesis de rodilla, no existe un instrumento validado. Este debería medir la dimensión técnica y no técnica de la artrocentesis, idealmente mediante observación la directa que permita un feedback efectivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar un instrumento de evaluación por observación directa de artrocentesis de rodilla y determinar sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: Se adaptó una pauta direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) de 14 ítems, validada en contexto nacional para intubación orotraqueal. Mediante un panel de expertos se establecieron descriptores por ítem para artrocentesis. La validez de contenido se determinó con panel Delphi de 23 expertos, mediante una encuesta con escala likert de 5 niveles por ítem. Se realizó una implementación piloto para ajustes. Se aplicó el instrumento a gran escala en internos, residentes y traumatólogos (N=55), en un modelo de simulación híbrida de alta fidelidad. Se determinó la validez del constructo, consistencia interna y acuerdo inter-observador mediante análisis factorial, Cronbach alfa y coeficiente de Kappa respectivamente. Resultados: Se obtuvo una pauta de 11 ítems. El 88% y 56% del panel contestó la encuesta Delphi en las rondas 1 y 2, respectivamente. Un ítem fue eliminado porque sus descriptores se consideraron redundantes. La mediana de los 11 ítems restantes fue de cinco (completo acuerdo). El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó dominancia de 2 factores. El análisis confirmatorio orientó ambos factores hacia un dominio técnico y uno no técnico. Se obtuvo buena consistencia interna (α=0,8) y acuerdo inter-observador casi perfecto (κ=0,87). Conclusión: El DOPS adaptado es una herramienta válida y confiable para evaluar artrocentesis de rodilla.
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    Educational environment perception in physiotherapy undergraduate students: mixed methodology
    (2020) Fuenzalida Saavedra, Bárbara; Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia; Fuentes Cimma, Javiera Carolina; San Martín Mohr, Cristóbal; Rojas, V.; López Fuenzalida, Antonio Eduardo; Padilla Pérez, Oslando; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
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    Efecto de la asesoría educacional en la mejoría de la exploración de los niveles cognitivos superiores, basándose en la taxonomía de Bloom en el examen de título de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
    (2019) Bello Pimentel, Carolina; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina
    INTRODUCCIÓN: La carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) evalúa el efecto de la asesoría educacional en la mejoría de la exploración de los niveles cognitivos superiores, basándose en la taxonomía de Bloom, luego de encontrar una elevada exploración de dominios cognitivos inferiores el año 2017. METODOLOGÍA: El diseño del estudio es cuasi experimental, metodología investigación acción, comparación pre y post de grupo único. Se realizó un análisis de las preguntas de los casos clínicos pre y post asesoría educacional y además el rendimiento por preguntas del examen 2018 según el dominio cognitivo explorado. RESULTADOS: En el área Clínica, el porcentaje total promedio de exploración de dominios cognitivos superiores es de 73,8% pre asesoría a 68,6% post asesoría con un aumento significativo de “evaluación”. Esto, se debe al aumento de la exploración de dominio cognitivo “aplicación”. La exploración promedio de los dominios cognitivos superiores en el área Comunitaria pasa de un 51% a un 64,1% y en el área Colectiva aumentan de 55,1 a 85,8%. Respecto al rendimiento académico por pregunta, se observa que hay un muy bien rendimiento de las preguntas en general. CONCLUSIÓN: La asesoría educacional es una manera efectiva de contribuir a mejorar la elaboración de instrumentos que certifiquen cumplimiento de objetivos orientados a resultados de aprendizaje/competencias.
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    Effects of bile acid sequestration on hepatic steatosis in obese mice
    (2014) Solís, Nancy; Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia; Quintero, Pablo; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Padilla Pérez, Oslando; Carrasco, Gonzalo; Pirola, Carlos J.; Sookoian, Silvia; Arrese Jiménez, Marco
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    Erradicación de Helicobacter pylori para la trombocitopenia inmune: protocolo de una revisión sistemática
    (2016) Llovet, V.; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo; Triantafilo, N.; Rada G., Gabriel