Browsing by Author "Rios, JC"

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    A suicide attempt with an oral calcium channel blocker
    (COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB, 2000) Cavagnaro, F; Aglony, M; Rios, JC; Paris, E
    Calcium channel blockers are widely used in all-aged populations. The drugs are generally safe in therapeutic dosage, but severe side effects with elevated intake are increasingly described, mainly in adult patients. We report an adolescent girl who intentionally ingested an overdose of nifedipine.
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    Analysis of 156 cases of plant intoxication received in the Toxicologic Information Center at Catholic University of Chile
    (COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB, 2002) Manriquez, O; Varas, J; Rios, JC; Concha, F; Paris, E
    We present a retrospective analysis of plant and mushroom ingestions reported to the Toxicologic Information Center at the Catholic University of Chile. All the phone calls of plant and mushroom intoxications received from January 1998 through June 2000, were classified according to agent, clinical presentation, affected age group, origin of the phone call, and time from exposure to the toxic agent. OF 36,580 consultations received, 156 were intoxications with plants or mushrooms, and 53.9% of them affected children <6years. Most patients were symptomatic at consultation, with digestive, neurologic, anticholinergic or cutaneous effects. The most frequent accidental ingestions were of elephant's ear (Colocasia sp) by. children, causing digestive symptoms, and by intentional ingestions of black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) by adolescents, causing anticholinergic symptoms 5 cases of Amanita phalloides were reported with 3 fatal due to fulminant hepatic damage. Plant and mushroom intoxications are an uncommon event, but can serious compromise those that ingest them. Despite its low incidence, public and medical community education is essential to prevent and manage these intoxications efficient.
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    Ecotoxicological evaluation of the additive butylated hydroxyanisole using a battery with six model systems and eighteen endpoints
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2005) Jos, A; Repetto, G; Rios, JC; del Peso, A; Salguero, M; Hazen, MJ; Molero, ML; Fernandez Freire, P; Perez Martin, JM; Labrador, V; Camean, A
    The occurrence and fate of additives in the aquatic environment is an emerging issue in environmental chemistry. This paper describes the ecotoxicological effects of the commonly used additive butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) using a test battery, comprising of several different organisms and in vitro test systems, representing a proportion of the different trophic levels. The most sensitive system to BHA was the inhibition of bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri bacteria, which resulted in an acute low observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) of 0.28 muM. The next most sensitive system was the immobilization of the cladoceran Daphnia magna followed by: the inhibition of the growth of the unicellular alga Chlorella vulgaris; the endpoints evaluated in Vero (mammalian) cells (total protein content, LDH activity, neutral red uptake and MTT metabolization), mitotic index and root growth inhibition in the terrestrial plant Allium cepa, and finally, the endpoints used on the RTG-2 salmonid fish cell line (neutral red uptake, total protein content, MTS metabolization, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and activity, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity). Morphological alterations in RTG-2 cells were also assessed and these included loss of cells, induction of cellular pleomorphism, hydropic degeneration and induction of apoptosis at high concentrations. The results from this study also indicated that micronuclei were not induced in A. cepa exposed to BHA. The differences in sensitivity for the diverse systems that were used (EC50 ranged from 1.2 to >500 muM) suggest the importance for a test battery approach in the evaluation of the ecological consequences of chemicals. According to the results, the levels of BHA reported in industrial wastewater would elicite adverse effects in the environment. This, coupled with its potential to bioaccumulate, makes BHA a pollutant of concern not only for acute exposures, but also for the long-term. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.