Browsing by Author "Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro"

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    El síndrome metabólico: de factor agravante a principal factor de riesgo patogénico en diversas enfermedades crónicas
    (2010) Von Bernhardi Montgomery, Rommy Edth B.; Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Arrese Jiménez, Marco Antonio; Arteaga Llona, Antonio Alberto; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
    In recent years, a rapidly increasing number of studies have focused on the association between metabolic syndrome and several chronic diseases. However, it is difficult to determine a well defined pathogenic relationship, due to the etiological heterogeneity and comorbidities of these diseases. Research efforts are aiming to identify the convergent biological mechanisms that mediate the effects of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. All these conditions define the metabolic syndrome, that increases the risk for several diseases. The knowledge of these biological mechanisms associated with this syndrome will elucidate the pathogenic association between a variety of chronic diseases, including its pathogenic link with cardiovascular diseases and the most common forms of dementia. The development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies for these diseases will be a corollary of this research.
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    Hepatic cholesterol transport from plasma into bile: implications for gallstone disease
    (2004) Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Nervi Oddone, Flavio
    Purpose of reviewThe transhepatic traffic of cholesterol from plasma lipoproteins into the bile is critical for overall cholesterol homeostasis and its alterations may lead to cholesterol gallstone formation. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the key hepatic cholesterol metabolism-related proteins and pathways that influence biliary secretion of cholesterol.Recent findingsIn cholesterol-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice, the availability of dietary cholesterol for biliary disposal is decreased and diet-induced gallstone formation is impaired. Scavenger receptor class B type I is relevant for cholesterol transport from plasma HDL into the bile in chow-fed mice, however its expression is not critical for biliary cholesterol secretion and gallstone formation in lithogenic diet-fed mice. Intrahepatic cholesterol transport proteins (e.g. sterol carrier protein-2, Niemann Pick type C-1 protein) also determine liver cholesterol available for biliary secretion in mice. Genetic manipulation of canalicular ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 expression in mice has established their essential role for biliary cholesterol secretion.SummaryRecent studies have underscored that different proteins involved in hepatic cholesterol transport regulate the availability of cholesterol for biliary secretion. These advances may provide new avenues for prevention and treatment of various disease conditions linked to abnormal cholesterol metabolism.
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    [Molecular biology and medicine: basic concepts]
    (1999) Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Arrese Jiménez, Marco Antonio
    Through the advancements of molecular genetics, physicians and researchers are in an extraordinary period of study concerning the molecular basis of medicine. Molecular biology is making a tremendous impact on both diagnosis and treatment of diseases through the clinical introduction of molecular methods. These techniques, restricted for many years to basic biological research, include the polymerase chain reaction, DNA and protein electrophoresis, cloning of genes into viral or bacterial vectors and methods to rapidly sequence DNA and identify mutations. In this article the authors attempt to provide basic concepts on these themes for the non-trained physicians in order to help them to understand recent developments and foresee their future implications.
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    Sphingolipid profiling as a biomarker of type 2 diabetes risk: evidence from the MIDUS and PREDIMED studies
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Berkowitz Fiebich Loni; Razquin, Cristina; Salazar Vilches, Cristian Javier; Biancardi Roman, Fiorella Carinna; Estruch, Ramón; Ros, Emilio; Fitó, Montserrat; Corella, Dolores; Coe, Christopher L.; Ryff, Carol D.; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Salas-Salvado, Jordi; Wang, Daniel; Hu, Frank B.; Deik, Amy; Martínez-González, Miguel A.; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
    Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a worldwide pandemic. While ceramides may serve as intermediary between obesity-related lipotoxicity and T2D, the relationship with simple glycosphingolipids remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to characterize the associations between blood glycosphingolipid and ceramide species with T2D and to identify a circulating sphingolipid profile that could serve as novel biomarker for T2D risk. Methods Cross-sectional relationship between sphingolipid levels, insulin resistance, and T2D prevalence were evaluated in 2,072 American adults from MIDUS cohort. Prospectively, the association between sphingolipid species and the incidence of T2D was analyzed using a case-cohort design nested within the PREDIMED trial (250 cases and a random sample of 692 participants, with 3.8 years of median follow-up). Circulating levels of sphingolipid species in both populations were measured using LC/MS. Hazard ratios were estimated with weighted Cox regression models using Barlow weights. Results In American adults, only CER18:0 and CER22:0 were linked to insulin resistance and a higher prevalence of T2D. Conversely, three lactosylceramides (LCER 14:0, 16:0, and 24:1) showed a strong inverse relationship with both insulin resistance and T2D. These findings led to development of two sphingolipid scores. In the prospective analysis, these scores consistently predicted a reduced risk of T2D incidence in PREDIMED (HR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.94 and 0.58, 0.40 to 0.85 respectively) between extreme quartiles, with 5-year absolute risk differences of 9.6% (95% CI: 0.3–20.5%) and 11.4% (1.0–21.6%). They were validated in the same trial with samples obtained after 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions Our findings support the potential usefulness of circulating sphingolipid profiles as novel biomarkers for T2D risk. Moreover, this study opens the door for future research on the predictive value and possible protective roles of lactosylceramides in T2D. Graphical abstract
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    Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2022) Berkowitz Fiebich, Loni; Cabrera Reyes, Fernanda Estefania; Salazar Vilches, Cristian Javier; Ryff, Carol D.; Coe, Christopher; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides -the most widely studied sphingolipid class- have been shown to play a causative role in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.
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    The ABCs of biliary cholesterol secretion and their implication for gallstone disease
    (2003) Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Nervi Oddone, Flavio