Browsing by Author "Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo"

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    Anthropometric Parameters, Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Executive Functions among Primary School Children
    (2022) Contreras-Osorio, Falonn; Guzman-Guzman, Iris Paola; Cerda-Vega, Enrique; Chirosa-Rios, Luis; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Campos-Jara, Christian
    Physical activity during childhood and adolescence favors brain development and cognitive functioning, particularly the executive functions. This study aimed to assess potential associations between anthropometric parameters, physical activity, physical fitness, and executive functions among elementary school children returning to school after the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. School-age male and female participants (n = 90; age, 10-12 years) participated in the study. To determine the association between variables, a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Higher fat-related anthropometric indexes were associated with lower working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, and attention (r = -0.55 to -0.22; p = 0.031 to <0.001). In contrast, higher physical activity levels, better sprint performance, higher lower-body muscular power, and greater upper-body muscular strength were associated with better working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, and/or attention (r = 0.19 to -0.54; p = 0.04 to <0.001). Current results consistently suggest the need for adequate levels of physical activity, physical fitness, and anthropometric parameters among the school-age population to promote healthy and adequate executive functions.
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    Association of maximal voluntary isometric handgrip strength with age, gender and handedness in older people
    (2018) Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Cisterna, Diego; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Alvarez, Cristian; Guede-Rojas, Francisco; De la Fuente, Carlos; Castro Sepúlveda, Mauricio; Moran, Jason
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    Cardiorespiratory optimal point as a submaximal evaluation tool in endurance athletes: An exploratory study
    (2023) Oyarzo-Aravena, Alexis; Arce-Alvarez, Alexis; Salazar-Ardiles, Camila; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Alvarez, Cristian; Toledo, Camilo; Izquierdo, Mikel; Andrade, David C.
    Introduction: The cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP) represents the lowest minute ventilation to oxygen consumption ratio (VE/VO2) and can be estimated during a CPET at submaximal intensity when an exercise test until volitional fatigue is not always advisable (i.e., a conflict zone where you cannot be confident of the security because near-competition, off-season, among other). COP's physiological components have not been wholly described yet. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the determinants of COP in highly trained athletes and its influence on maximum and sub-maximum variables during CPET through principal c omponent analysis (PCA) (explains the dataset's variance).Methods: Female (n = 9; age, 17.4 +/- 3.1 y; maximal VO2 [VO2max]), 46.2 +/- 5.9 mL/kg/min) and male (n = 24; age, 19.7 +/- 4.0 y; VO2max, 56.1 +/- 7.6 mL/kg/min) athletes performed a CPET to determine the COP, ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2), and VO2max. The PCA was used to determine the relationship between variables and COP, explaining their variance.Results: Our data revealed that females and males displayed different COP values. Indeed, males showed a significant diminished COP compared to the female group (22.6 +/- 2.9 vs. 27.2 +/- 3.4 VE/VO2, respectively); nevertheless, COP was allocated before VT1 in both groups.Discussion: PC analysis revealed that the COP variance was mainly explained (75.6%) by PC1 (expired CO2 at VO2max) and PC2 (VE at VT2), possibly influencing cardiorespiratory efficiency at VO2max and VT2. Our data suggest that COP could be used as a submaximal index to monitor and assess cardiorespiratory system efficiency in endurance athletes. The COP could be particularly useful during the offseason and competitive periods and the return to the sports continuum.
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    Effects of the Type of Sports Practice on the Executive Functions of Schoolchildren
    (2022) Contreras-Osorio, Falonn; Paola Guzman-Guzman, Iris; Cerda-Vega, Enrique; Chirosa-Rios, Luis; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Campos-Jara, Christian
    There is a close relationship between the development of complex motor skills and executive functions during childhood. This study aimed to analyze the differences in different dimensions of executive functions in children practicing an open-skill sport (handball) and a closed-skill sport (athletics) and controls who did not participate in sports activities after a 12-week intervention period. School-aged male and female subjects (n = 90; mean +/- standard deviation = 11.45 +/- 0.68 years) participated in a non-randomized controlled study. Data analysis was performed using the STATA V.15 statistical software. The athletics intervention promoted semantic fluency (p = 0.007), whereas handball increased inhibition (p = 0.034). Additionally, physical activity improved in both intervention groups (p = < 0.001), whereas sprint performance improved in the handball group following intervention (p = 0.008), lower body muscular power improved in athletics (p = 0.04), and evidence of improvement in upper body muscular strength was noted in handball (p = 0.037). In turn, an increase in the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children score showed an association with the Standard Ten scores of executive functions. In conclusion, compared to controls, both athletics and handball induced meaningful improvements in physical activity and executive functions. However, sport-specific adaptations were noted after athletics (i.e., semantic fluency and lower body muscular power) and handball (i.e., inhibition, sprint, and upper-body muscular strength).
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    Hypoxic Respiratory Chemoreflex Control in Young Trained Swimmers
    (2021) Arce-Alvarez, Alexis; Veliz, Carlos; Vazquez-Munoz, Manuel; von Igel, Magdalena; Alvares, Cristian; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo, Mikel; Millet, Gregoire P.; Del Rio, Rodrigo; Andrade, David C.
    During an apnea, changes in PaO2 activate peripheral chemoreceptors to increase respiratory drive. Athletes with continuous apnea, such as breath-hold divers, have shown a decrease in hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), which could explain the long apnea times; however, this has not been studied in swimmers. We hypothesize that the long periods of voluntary apnea in swimmers is related to a decreased HVR. Therefore, we sought to determine the HVR and cardiovascular adjustments during a maximum voluntary apnea in young-trained swimmers. In fifteen trained swimmers and twenty-seven controls we studied minute ventilation (V-E), arterial saturation (SpO(2)), heart rate (HR), and autonomic response [through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis], during acute chemoreflex activation (five inhalations of pure N-2) and maximum voluntary apnea test. In apnea tests, the maximum voluntary apnea time and the end-apnea HR were higher in swimmers than in controls (p < 0.05), as well as a higher low frequency component of HRV (p < 0.05), than controls. Swimmers showed lower HVR than controls (p < 0.01) without differences in cardiac hypoxic response (CHR). We conclude that swimmers had a reduced HVR response and greater maximal voluntary apnea duration, probably due to decreased HVR.
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    Oscillatory pattern of glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus
    (2021) Vasquez-Munoz, Manuel; Arce-Alvarez, Alexis; von Igel, Magdalena; Veliz, Carlos; Ruiz-Esquide, Gonzalo; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Alvarez, Cristian; Ramirez-Velez, Robinson; Crespo, Fernando A.; Izquierdo, Mikel; Del Rio, Rodrigo; Andrade, David C.
    Daily glucose variability is higher in diabetic mellitus (DM) patients which has been related to the severity of the disease. However, it is unclear whether glycemic variability displays a specific pattern oscillation or if it is completely random. Thus, to determine glycemic variability pattern, we measured and analyzed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data, in control subjects and patients with DM type-1 (T1D). CGM data was assessed for 6 days (day: 08:00-20:00-h; and night: 20:00-08:00-h). Participants (n =172; age =18-80 years) were assigned to T1D (n =144, females = 65) and Control (i.e., healthy; n = 28, females = 22) groups. Anthropometry, pharmacologic treatments, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and years of evolution were determined. T1D females displayed a higher glycemia at 10:00-14:00-h vs. T1D males and Control females. DM patients displays mainly stationary oscillations (deterministic), with circadian rhythm characteristics. The glycemia oscillated between 2 and 6 days. The predictive model of glycemia showed that it is possible to predict hyper and hypoglycemia (R-2 =0.94 and 0.98, respectively) in DM patients independent of their etiology. Our data showed that glycemic variability had a specific oscillation pattern with circadian characteristics, with episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia at day phases, which could help therapeutic action for this population.
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    Overweight and Obese Adult Patients Show Larger Benefits from Concurrent Training Compared with Pharmacological Metformin Treatment on Insulin Resistance and Fat Oxidation
    (2022) Azocar-Gallardo, Jairo; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Afonso, Jose; Sa, Mario; Granacher, Urs; Gonzalez-Rojas, Luis; Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Manuel Garcia-Garcia, Jose
    Metformin, a drug widely used to treat insulin resistance, and training that combines aerobic and strength exercise modalities (i.e., concurrent training) may improve insulin sensitivity. However, there is a paucity of clinical trials investigating the effects of concurrent training, particularly on insulin resistance and fat oxidation in overweight and obese patients. Furthermore, only a few studies have compared the effects of concurrent training with metformin treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week concurrent training program versus pharmaceutical treatment with metformin on maximum fat oxidation, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance in overweight or obese adult patients. Male and female patients with insulin resistance were allocated by convenience to a concurrent training group (n = 7 (2 males); age = 32.9 +/- 8.3 years; body mass index = 30 +/- 4.0 kg center dot m(-2)) or a metformin group (n = 7 (2 males); age = 34.4 +/- 14.0 years; body mass index = 34.4 +/- 6.0 kg center dot m(-2)). Before and after the interventions, all participants were assessed for total body mass, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, maximum oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidization during exercise, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance through the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Due to non-normal distribution of the variable maximal fat oxidation, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied and revealed better maximal fat oxidization (Delta = 308%) in the exercise compared with the metformin group (Delta = -30.3%; p = 0.035). All other outcome variables were normally distributed, and significant group-by-time interactions were found for HOMA-IR (p < 0.001, Delta = -84.5%), fasting insulin (p < 0.001, Delta = -84.6%), and increased maximum oxygen consumption (p = 0.046, Delta = 12.3%) in favor of the exercise group. Similar changes were found in both groups for the remaining dependent variables. Concurrent training seems to be more effective compared with pharmaceutical metformin treatment to improve insulin resistance and fat oxidation in overweight and obese adult patients with insulin resistance. The rather small sample size calls for more research in this area.
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    Pattern analysis of a complete Achilles tendon rupture suffered during high jump preparation in an official national-level athletic competition
    (2022) De la Fuente, Carlos; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Gallardo-Fuentes, Francisco; Alvarez, Cristian; Bustamante, Carlos; Henriquez, Hugo; Carpes, Felipe P.
    Elite athletes are subject to injuries like the Achilles tendon rupture. This injury requires a long recovery process, with no guarantee of returning to the pre-injury level. When a rupture happens during natural life, movement analysis can provide useful insights concerning patterns of rupture to understand and prevent Achilles tendon injuries. Here we determined the pattern of rupture of an Achilles tendon (AT) in an elite high-jumper athlete who ruptured an AT during the straight line running phase in preparation for a high-jump attempt. This study is a novel case report regarding a national-level elite athlete. The main outcomes were kinematics parameters obtained from video analysis. The pattern of the rupture was determined by pixel intensity and outlier analysis. The rupture occurred at 44% of the single stance. The injured leg showed a higher ankle dorsal flexion and knee-ankle ratio, and a lower knee flexion compared to contralateral leg. An eccentric pattern of rupture occurred during the transition from the mid to terminal stance phases of running. The lower knee flexion and the increased ankle dorsal flexion during the stance suggest a loss of knee-ankle coordination. This might have favoured a major elongation of Achilles tendon causing the rupture.