Browsing by Author "Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia"

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    Barriers for research activities in residency programs: A mix-methods study
    (2023) Merino Lara, Tomas Rodrigo; Rojas Donoso, Viviana Isabel; Fuentes López, Eduardo; Sanchez Rojel, Cesar Giovanni; Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia; Fuentes Cimma, Javiera Carolina; Cifuentes Aguila, Lorena Isabel; Cuello Fredes Mauricio Arturo; Carvajal Cabrera, Jorge Andrés; Balcells Marty, Maria Elvira; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
    Introduction: Research activities have a positive impact on the performance of residents. However, information on research conducted by residents from developing countries is scarce. Our study sought to identify the barriers and facilitators for developing research in medical residency programs in a Latin-American faculty of medicine. Methods: A mixed methodology study design was carried out. We used a grounded theory approach for the qualitative phase, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with faculty and residents. For the quantitative phase, surveys were administered to residents and teachers. We used factor analysis and scree plot (validity), Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass correlation coefficient (reliability) to evaluate the surveys' psychometric properties. Results: Focus groups involving ten faculty members and 15 residents were conducted, and the following domains were identified: a) facilitators for resident participation, b) barriers, c) strategies for introducing research into the curriculum, d) arguments supporting research activities throughout medical residency, and e) profile of research-motivated residents. Both residents and faculty members identified a lack of protected time and adequate mentoring as the major barriers. A gender gap was found related to international publications (34% vs. 66% women/men); women perceived that research activities 'compete with other activities' (OR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.07). Conclusions: Research is highly valued by both residents and faculty members at a Latin-American university with a strong academic output. Major barriers to promoting research in this context include lack of protected time and effective mentoring, and gender gaps. Strategies proposed to improve research within medical residency programs include: establishing an interdisciplinary mentoring program between residents and researchers, promoting elective rotations, and rewarding proposals that consider gender equity.
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    Métodos diagnósticos para la detección de infección por Helicobacter pylori. ¿Cuál y cuándo deben solicitarse?
    (2022) Chahuan Abde, Javier Nicolas; Pizarro Rojas, Margarita Alicia; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo
    La infección gástrica por Helicobacter pylori tiene una pre-valencia variable a nivel mundial. En Latinoamérica, puede superar el 50% de infectados. Se asocia a patologías como la úlcera péptica, el cáncer gástrico, el linfoma MALT y la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune, entre otras. No hay un método diagnóstico óptimo y la presencia puede ser detectada tanto por métodos invasivos, que requieren una endoscopía digestiva alta, como no invasivos. Dentro de los invasivos, contamos con la prueba rápida de ureasa, la histología, las pruebas moleculares, como reacción en cadena de la poli-merasa, y el cultivo. Por su parte, los no invasivos incluyen la prueba de aire espirado, el antígeno en deposiciones de Helicobacter pylori, reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en deposiciones y la serología. La prueba diagnóstica a utilizar depende del escenario clínico, y deben conocerse los beneficios y debilidades de cada método. Es importante considerar la edad del paciente, sus factores de riesgo de cáncer gástrico, la necesidad de endoscopía por esta u otra causa, la disponibili-dad de las pruebas diagnósticas y el costo, entre otros.