Browsing by Author "Pia Santelices, Maria"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Adult Sensitivity Assessment in Interaction with 6-36 Months old Children: Design and Preliminary Analyses of Adult Sensitivity Scale
    (SOCIEDAD CHILENA PSICOLOGIA CLINICA, 2012) Pia Santelices, Maria; Carvacho, Claudia; Farkas, Chamarrita; Leon, Francisca; Galleguillos, Francisca; Himmel, Erika
    The adult sensitivity has been extensively studied in early childhood, for it is associated with a secure attachment bond with the child. Different sensitivity measuring instruments have been developed, primarily through observational methods. Most of them require extensive training or a complex experimental s setting. The aim of this study is to develop a new instrument to assess sensitivity in adult caretaker of children aged 6 to 36 months, with few requirements for its use. The context of measurement involved a brief free-play interaction, which is filmed and encoded. The instrument was applied to a sample of 99 significant adult-child dyads and the videos analyzed with a rubric for each sensitivity indicator. Results show that the instrument has adequate psychometric properties and can be used in different familiar, educational or institutional contexts.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Adverse Childhood Experiences: Mental Health Consequences and Risk Behaviors in Women and Men in Chile
    (2022) Ramirez Labbe, Sofia; Pia Santelices, Maria; Hamilton, James; Velasco, Carolina
    Studies conducted worldwide indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are among the most intense and frequent sources of stress, considerably influencing mental and physical health while also resulting in risk behaviors in adulthood. Methodology: We used data from the Pilot National Survey of Adversity and Sexual Abuse in Childhood (2020), conducted by CUIDA UC, which comprises the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire [ACE-IQ] (Adapted). The cross-sectional methodology used made it possible to directly calculate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in the population sampled, at a single point in time. We performed a bivariate and univariate descriptive analysis, a correlation analysis, and a multivariate analysis, all of which will be detailed in the section entitled "General Data Analysis Procedure". Results: We found equally high rates of adverse childhood experiences in men and women, with community violence exhibiting the highest prevalence. We found significant low- to moderate-sized associations between the multiple types of ACEs considered and mental health problems, substance use problems, criminal behaviors, and intrafamily violence (IFV), which differed between men and women. Significant correlations were detected between the ACE score and mental health, substance use, criminal behaviors, and IFV in both men and women. Importantly, ACEs were found to be predictors of all of these variables, with differences observed between men and women. Conclusions: Nearly all participants reported having had at least one ACE and more than half reported had four or more ACEs. Those who had had four or more ACEs were more likely to report problems throughout their life. Having an ACE of any type was found to be a better predictor of mental health problems and IFV in men than in women and might be a stronger risk factor for substance use and criminal behaviors in women than in men.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Building infant-mother attachment: the relationship between attachment style, socio-emotional well-being and maternal representations
    (ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2010) Eugenia Araneda, Maria; Pia Santelices, Maria; Farkas, Chamarrita
    The pilot study explored differences in maternal representations between primiparous pregnant woman with different attachment styles and different levels of socio-emotional well-being. The sample included 55 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 38, between 4 and 7 months pregnant. Representations were assessed using the 'R' Interview, attachment styles using the CaMir, and socio-emotional well-being using the OQ-45.2. According to the results, prenatal representation of own mother-as-mother may be significantly related with pregnant women's attachment experiences, but this representation may not be significantly related to the woman's prenatal socio-emotional well-being. On the other hand, representation of the child and self-as-mother may not be significantly related to attachment experiences, but rather with prenatal socio-emotional well-being. This implies that the prenatal socio-emotional context plays a great role as a protective factor with respect to the representations of the child and self-as-mother and, therefore, has strong implications for the future mother-infant attachment and child development, which is very relevant in terms of prevention of attachment difficulties.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Burnout and parental emotional regulation strategies: A study in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile
    (2022) Pia Santelices, Maria; Narvaez, Silvia; Oyarce, Daniela; Josefina Escobar, Maria; van Bakel, Hedwig
    COVID-19 has affected the population's mental health, increasing the risk of parental burnout (Griffith, 2020), defined as a syndrome resulting from long-term exposure to chronic stress of parents in their role as caregivers (Mikolajczak et al. 2019). This phenomenon can have serious implications for the upbringing and normal development of children and adolescents, since it affects multiple areas of parental functioning, as well as damage the bond they maintain with their children (Mikolajczak et al, 2018). This study included 693 participants, collected through a non-random sample that included 133 fathers and 560 mothers over 18 years of age who currently live in Chile, living with at least one child. Linear regressions were performed to understand the relationship between parental burnout-measured using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA)-and the perceived negative impact of the pandemic on parenting practices; the role of emotional regulation strategies of suppression and reappraisal-measured through the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ)-; and gender. Higher levels of parental burnout were found in mothers, who reported a greater negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis, using more suppression strategies and less reappraisal.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Children's storybooks as a source of mental state references: Comparison between books from Chile, Colombia, Scotland and USA
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2020) Farkas, Chamarrita; Pia Santelices, Maria; Vallotton, Claire D.; Brophy Herb, Holly E.; Iglesias, Manuela; Sieverson, Catalina; del Pilar Cuellar, Maria; Alvarez, Carolina
    Children's storybooks may be considered as an important resource for young children to learn about different mental states (emotions, desires, cognitions); however, mental states represented in stories vary, and may vary across cultures. This study investigates preschoolers' storybooks from Chile, Colombia, Scotland, and the USA to test similarities and differences in rates and types of mental references. The texts in 160 children's storybooks (40 per country) were coded. Results showed similarities between countries in the references to desires, psychological states, and physical expressions. Differences between countries were observed, where Chilean books contained more references to cognitions, mood states, and causal talk compared with USA books, and more references to emotions and causal talk compared with Scottish books. Also, Colombian books had more references to emotions and causal talk compared with Scotland and USA books, and more references to physiological states compared with Chilean and Scottish books. Finally, USA books contained more references to perceptions in comparison to Colombian and Scottish books. Similarities were identified between Chilean and Colombian books, and between Scotland and USA books, and more differences between South American books (Chile, Colombia) and those from Scotland and the USA.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Does Maternal Mental Health and Maternal Stress Affect Preschoolers' Behavioral Symptoms?
    (2021) Pia Santelices, Maria; Irarrazaval, Matias; Jervis, Pamela; Brotfeld, Cristian; Cisterna, Carla; Maria Gallardo, Ana
    (1) Background: Maternal stress and depression are considered risk factors in children's socioemotional development, also showing high prevalence worldwide. (2) Method: Participants correspond to a longitudinal sample of 6335 mother/child pairs (18-72 months), who were surveyed in 2010 and then in 2012. The hypothesis was tested with SEM analysis, setting the child's internalized/externalized problems as dependent variable, maternal depression as independent variable, and stress as a partial mediator. (3) Results: Both depression during pregnancy and recent depression has not only a direct effect on the internalizing and externalizing symptomatology of the child, but also an indirect effect through parental stress. Significant direct and indirect relationships were found. (4) Conclusions: Maternal depression and the presence of parental stress can influence children's behavioral problems, both internalizing and externalizing.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    THE TRIANGLE FATHER-MOTHER-INFANT: EVALUATION OF FAMILY ALLIANCES THROUGH THE LAUSANNE TRIALOGUE PLAY, ADHERENCE AND LEVELS OF PARENTAL DEPRESSION
    (RAFFLES CONNECT PTE LTD, 2013) Olhaberry, Marcia; Pia Santelices, Maria; Schwinn, Lisa; Cierpka, Manfred
    In the last decade a new dimension of analysis of the early bonds has risen changing the focus from the dyad to the triad, including the father in the family setting of the intersubjectivity. We performed a cross-sectional study of 10 Chilean families with their first child, aged between 3 and 11 months. Triadic family functioning and family alliances are evaluated, as well as security or insecurity in the pattern of parental attachment and levels of depressive symptoms. The results show a higher frequency of secure bonds in mothers and fathers of families that show cooperative alliances, as well as lower levels of parental depressive symptoms in this group.