Browsing by Author "Peterson, Voltaire Alvarado"

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    Mountain Cryosphere Landscapes in South America: Value and Protection
    (2023) Ruiz-Pereira, Sebastian; Peterson, Voltaire Alvarado; Liaudat, Dario Trombotto
    Mountain landscapes support hydric and biodiversity potential under different ownership and land use perspectives. A focal point justifying their preservation is often the legislation's ethical endorsement. Yet, when scales for assessment diverge without a common analytical purpose, the protective measures may become either ambiguous or insufficient. By considering that mountain cryosphere landscapes have both subjective and supply values, we focused on approaches to protect them and examined conceptual dissonances in their assessment. This ambiguity was examined by analyzing the hydric storage potential of the mountain cryosphere in semi-arid regions in the Andes. We reviewed the technical aspects of cryosphere hydrology and how current legislation aims to preserve freshwater supply and non-instrumental value. The analysis found a clash between instrumental and non-instrumental values and, most importantly, the neglect of a temporal dimension for landscape evolution. Particularly, landscape protection becomes suboptimal as scales of analysis for use and non-use values diverge. Therefore, we recommend analyzing mountain cryosphere landscapes as overlapped sub-units bearing a unified potential (future value) as a hydric resource. This analysis should fit the most inclusive scale on which transaction costs reflecting needs and insurance values reflecting management quality are optimal.
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    Ontological security and residential property. Housing, well-being and nature in the suburbs of southern chilean (2011 - 2023)
    (2023) Peterson, Voltaire Alvarado; Paulsen-Espinoza, Alex; Dattwyler, Rodrigo Hidalgo
    This paper explores the relationship between legal ownership of subsidized housing and welfare in cities in south-central Chile. The methodology consists of fieldwork on the case of the city of Coronel and a conceptual discussion of ontological security and neoliberal welfare. It is argued that the right to property is strongly protected in Latin American constitutions. In Chile, housing subsidies seek to generate welfare through access to home ownership, but not necessarily equity. The development of subsidized residential complexes in Coronel is analyzed, where new suburban spaces assembled with industrial forestry plantations are produced. These generate ontological security and a sense of belonging, but also contradictions about the creation of community and risks in the event of fires and landslides. It is concluded that the housing subsidy in Chile strengthens legal property, but with limitations to build welfare due to the scarce patrimonial accumulation.
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    THE HOUSING CRISIS IN THE CITY OF VALPARAISO: EXCLUSION, INFORMALITY AND SOCIO-NATURAL RISKS
    (2023) Dattwyler, Rodrigo Hidalgo; Robles, Maria Sarella Robles; Valladares, Norma Angelica Rodriguez; Constella, Carlos Vergara; Peterson, Voltaire Alvarado; Rubio, Ignacio Rojas
    In the framework of a free market economy such as the Chilean one, and a global crisis of access to housing, a production of a popular habitat is generated that presents a series of threats both for the residents themselves, as well as for society in their own right. as a whole, to the extent that an unequal system is reproduced. To develop the proposed argument, the case of the city of Valparaiso is taken, where there is evidence of a decrease informal access to this asset, expressed in an increase in informality and residential precariousness. This is accompanied by a greater exposure to natural hazards (i.e. fires, mass removals) that translate into risks, enhanced by the location conditions of the case under study. In this way, it is shown that those involved live in disadvantaged conditions with respect to other social groups, a situation that can be reversed neither by policies nor by planning. The foregoing becomes even more relevant within the framework of a constituent process such as the one Chilean society is experiencing.