Browsing by Author "Pertuze Salas, Julio Alberto"

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    Competition, R&D and innovation in Chilean firms
    (2019) Montegu, Jose Pablo; Calvo, Carolina; Pertuze Salas, Julio Alberto
    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of competition on both innovation inputs and outputs in Chilean firms. More specifically, the authors investigate whether there is an inverted-U relationship at different stages of the innovation process. Design/methodology/approach The sample covers 1,347 firms that responded to both the 4th Chilean Longitudinal Enterprise Survey and the 10th Chilean Innovation Survey. The CDM model (Crepon et al., 1998) is applied to correct for selectivity bias and endogeneity. Competition is proxied by measures of market concentration. The robustness of the results is checked using four alternative indicators. Findings The results strongly suggest that competition and both R&D and innovation intensities are linked by an inverted U-shaped curve. The estimated effects of competition on innovation output and labor productivity are rather ambiguous. Thus, market structure would be influencing the firms' incentives to innovate, but not necessarily their innovation performance. Research limitations/implications - The model is based on cross-sectional data, hampering the possibility to control for unobserved heterogeneity. Competitive pressures from potential entrants and foreign markets are not captured in the analysis. Practical implications - Moderate levels of competition would be the optimal market structure in terms of promotingmore business R&D and innovation spending. Originality/value A previously unutilized data set covering the whole economy is used. Estimations are executed at three different stages of the innovation process. Two types of innovation input and four types of innovation output are taken into account.
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    Orienting engineering education towards innovation, entrepreneurism, and industry partnerships the case of the MIT-Portugal Program
    (2011) Pertuze Salas, Julio Alberto; Jacobs, Joshua; Pfotenhauer, Sebastian M.
    Engineering education has always served as a close nexus between academia and industry, and as a strong determinant of a country's innovative and economic performance. As many developed countries are struggling with the loss of low-cost manufacturing to global competitors, governments regularly turn to their institutions of engineering education to facilitate the transition into an innovation based economy and move up the value chain. This paper discusses how engineering education in Portugal is being locally transformed with the help of a strong international collaboration. As part of a larger process of educational reform, the MIT-Portugal Program (MPP) has gathered the country's leading institutions in an innovative education and research consortium centered on the engineering systems paradigm. MPP has employed a wide range of policy tools to re-orient engineering education in some key areas more towards innovation, entrepreneurship, and industry cooperation. These tools include: The creation of 7 new educational programs targeting 4 strategic focus areas in the field of engineering systems. Each program includes mandatory components of innovation, entrepreneurship, management, and leadership skills, and features innovative curriculum design based on modularized term structure, lab and industry rotations, and the recruitment of a highly specific student body with strong industry propensity. A focus on internationalization of education and science, raising the percentage of international students to almost 40% (four times higher than comparable Portuguese graduate programs), and fostering international mobility and outreach. Extensive networking between groups and institutions, paired with a high degree of student and researcher mobility, allowing students to benefit from the country's best educators and research labs, intensifying communication and collaboration, enlarging individual scientific networks, and creating critical mass in research power. Access to an associated network of 50+ industry affiliates, involving industry broadly in student theses and lecturing. The paper presents the results of multiple surveys to demonstrate how the program, now in its final year of the first 5-year funding phase, has yielded important and visible successes in overhauling engineering education in key areas for Portugal's future. MPP is well on its way to becoming the first truly international Portuguese engineering program in terms of networking, competitiveness, and student attraction, and could serve as a model strategy for Portugal for addressing broader challenges at the intersection of engineering education, research, and innovation. Moreover, the Program trajectory holds important lessons for other countries trying to prepare their traditional engineering education with a greater degree of industry orientation, an innovation-prone ecosystem, and a culture of entrepreneurship.
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    Paradoxical founders’ identity and its impact on social venture performance
    (Emerald Publishing, 2024) Moura Romero, Claudia Carmen; Rojas Cordova, Carolina Ines; Pertuze Salas, Julio Alberto
    This study explores the structure of founders’ hybrid personal identities and their relationship to social venture performance. The authors hypothesize that founders experience the tension between the social and commercial goals of their venture as a paradox rooted in their personal values. Design/methodology/approach: The authors surveyed 112 social enterprise founders in Chile and used structural equation modeling to test hypotheses about the relationship between self-transcendent values (i.e. promotion of others’ welfare and care for nature) and self-enhancement values (i.e. pursuing own interests and power over others) on a multidimensional scale of social venture performance. Findings: Self-transcendence and self-enhancement are distinct yet interrelated values that coexist within social venture founders (i.e. they constitute a paradox). Self-transcendence values negatively moderate the positive relationship between self-enhancement values and social venture performance. Practical implications: Mere benevolence is insufficient for effective social venturing; success depends on the founder’s self-enhancement values or their “drive” to succeed. Founder values can thus inform organizational design choices (e.g. tasks, team composition, structures and processes) and guide public and private investment decisions. Originality/value: This research empirically assesses the structure of hybrid personal identities, uncovering how the concurrent action of self-transcendence and self-enhancement values influences social venture performance. The authors challenge the belief that balancing social and commercial goals benefits social venture performance. Best-performing ventures are those whose founder’s exhibit high self-enhancement and low self-transcendence values.
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    Using metacognition to promote active learning in large business management classes
    (Routledge, 2021) Rodríguez M.F.; Nussbaum M.; Pertuze Salas, Julio Alberto; Avila C.; Caceres J.; Valenzuela T.; Ceppi B.
    Using active learning methodologies with large classes in higher education is a complex task. Lecturers often lack the tools they need to guide their students, while also taking into consideration their individual needs. This study proposes an expandable strategy for introducing active learning following a metacognitive approach involving problem-based learning and anonymous peer assessment. The approach was implemented over two sessions as part of a 16-week business management class taken by 223 students. The results reveal that students were able to develop both their management and critical thinking skills at the same time. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) a metacognitive approach, where students discovered their own knowledge gaps and developed their critical thinking skills, and 2) an active learning approach suitable for large classes, where students received teacher guidance and individualised feedback from their peers.