Browsing by Author "Perez-Cruz P."

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    Non-pharmaceutical interventions to combat COVID-19 in the Americas described through daily sub-national data
    (Springer International Publishing, 2023) Touchton M.; Knaul F.M.; Arreola-Ornelas H.; Porteny T.; Carniado O.M.; Faganello M.; Hummel C.; Otero S.; Insua J.; Patino F.; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Perez-Cruz P.; Sanchez-Talanquer M.; Velasco Guachalla V.X.; Nelson-Nunez J.; Boulding C.; Calderon-Anyosa R.; Garcia P.J.; Vargas Enciso V.
    © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.This dataset covers national and subnational non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in the Americas. Prior to the development of a vaccine, NPI were governments’ primary tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Variation in subnational responses to COVID-19 is high and is salient for health outcomes. This dataset captures governments’ dynamic, varied NPI to combat COVID-19 for 80% of Latin America’s population from each country’s first case through December 2021. These daily data encompass all national and subnational units in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. The dataset includes individual and aggregate indices of nine NPI: school closures, work suspensions, public event cancellations, public transport suspensions, information campaigns, local travel restrictions, international travel controls, stay-at-home orders, and restrictions on the size of gatherings. We also collected data on mask mandates as a separate indicator. Local country-teams drew from multiple data sources, resulting in high-quality, reliable data. The dataset thus allows for consistent, meaningful comparisons of NPI within and across countries during the pandemic.
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    Strengthening Health Systems To Face Pandemics: Subnational Policy Responses To COVID-19 In Latin America
    (NLM (Medline), 2022) Knaul F.M.; Touchton M.M.; Arreola-Ornelas H.; Calderon-Anyosa R.; Otero-Bahamon S.; Hummel C.; Perez-Cruz P.; Porteny T.; Patino F.; Atun R.; Garcia P.J.; Insua J.; Mendez O.; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Boulding C.; Nelson-Nunez J.; Velasco Guachalla V.X.; Sanchez-Talanquer M.
    Nonpharmaceutical interventions such as stay-at-home orders continue to be the main policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in countries with limited or slow vaccine rollout. Often, nonpharmaceutical interventions are managed or implemented at the subnational level, yet little information exists on within-country variation in nonpharmaceutical intervention policies. We focused on Latin America, a COVID-19 epicenter, and collected and analyzed daily subnational data on public health measures in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru to compare within- and across-country nonpharmaceutical interventions. We showed high heterogeneity in the adoption of these interventions at the subnational level in Brazil and Mexico; consistent national guidelines with subnational heterogeneity in Argentina and Colombia; and homogeneous policies guided by centralized national policies in Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Our results point to the role of subnational policies and governments in responding to health crises. We found that subnational responses cannot replace coordinated national policy. Our findings imply that governments should focus on evidence-based national policies while coordinating with subnational governments to tailor local responses to changing local conditions.
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    Training in palliative care in nursing and medical schools in ChileEstado de formación en cuidados paliativos a nivel del pregrado en las carreras de Medicina y Enfermería de Chile
    (HUMANA PRESS INC, 2022) Gallastegui-Brana A.; Parra-Giordano D.; Perez-Cruz P.
    © 2022 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Training in Palliative Care (PC) at the undergraduate level has proven to be an effective strategy to expand access to this type of services. In Chile, the increase in magnitude of serious health-related suffering and the recently approved Law that guarantees universal access to Palliative Care, requires the extension of PC undergraduate training in medical and nursing schools. Therefore, this study assessed and described the characteristics of current PC training in the Schools of Medicine and Nursing of Chile through an online survey of their directors. Nursing schools report higher frequency of mandatory training hours and access to clinical training, while Medicine schools report higher frequency of elective internships. However, gaps persist in the number of teaching hours and the teaching methods used, which may be due to the scarcity of qualified professionals in PC, limited access to clinical fields and disciplinary differences. Strengthening and expanding PC training at the undergraduate level with practical and interdisciplinary methodologies are fundamental steps so that future medical and nursing professionals can provide adequate care and relief of serious health-related suffering to an aging population until the end of their life.