Browsing by Author "Pavani, Jessica"

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    Body adiposity index in assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus development: the Baependi Heart Study
    (2019) Pavani, Jessica; Oliveira, Camila Maciel de.; Krieger, José Eduardo.; Alvim, Rafael de Oliveira.; Mourão, Carlos Alberto.; Pereira, Alexandre da Costa.
    Abstract Background The association between diabetes and obesity is very well established. Faced with this, several anthropometric indices of adiposity are often involved in studies on diabetes. Our main goal in this paper is to evaluate the association between body adiposity index (BAI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a sample of the Brazilian population after 5-year follow-up. Methods The data used come from the Baependi Heart Study cohort, which consists of two periods: cycle 1 (2005–2006) and cycle 2 (2010–2013). Individuals of both sexes (n = 1121) were selected by excluding participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline or those that were lost to follow-up. Results The diabetic subjects showed higher systolic blood pressure, BAI, body mass index, waist circumference and fasting glucose levels. In addition, using mixed-effects logistic regression, we found that the elevation of a single unit of BAI represented an increase of 8.4% in the risk of a patient developing T2DM (OR = 1.084 [95% CI 1.045–1.124]). Conclusions Obesity is recognised as one of the most important risk factors for T2DM and BAI has proven to be a useful tool in estimating the risk of a patient developing T2DM in a Brazilian population.Abstract Background The association between diabetes and obesity is very well established. Faced with this, several anthropometric indices of adiposity are often involved in studies on diabetes. Our main goal in this paper is to evaluate the association between body adiposity index (BAI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a sample of the Brazilian population after 5-year follow-up. Methods The data used come from the Baependi Heart Study cohort, which consists of two periods: cycle 1 (2005–2006) and cycle 2 (2010–2013). Individuals of both sexes (n = 1121) were selected by excluding participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline or those that were lost to follow-up. Results The diabetic subjects showed higher systolic blood pressure, BAI, body mass index, waist circumference and fasting glucose levels. In addition, using mixed-effects logistic regression, we found that the elevation of a single unit of BAI represented an increase of 8.4% in the risk of a patient developing T2DM (OR = 1.084 [95% CI 1.045–1.124]). Conclusions Obesity is recognised as one of the most important risk factors for T2DM and BAI has proven to be a useful tool in estimating the risk of a patient developing T2DM in a Brazilian population.
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    Body mass index is superior to other body adiposity indexes in predicting incident hypertension in a highly admixed sample after 10-year follow-up: The Baependi Heart Study
    (2022) Maciel de Oliveira, Camila; Franca da Rosa, Francielle; de Oliveira Alvim, Rafael; Mourao Junior, Carlos Alberto; Bacells, Mercedes; Liu, Chunyu; Pavani, Jessica; Capasso, Robson; Lavezzo Dias, Fernando Augusto; Eduardo Krieger, Jose; Costa Pereira, Alexandre
    Hypertension is the leading cause of overall mortality in low- and middle-income countries. In Brazil, there is paucity of data on the determinants of incident hypertension and related risk factors. We aimed to determine the incidence of hypertension in a sample from the Brazilian population and investigate possible relationships with body adiposity indexes. We assessed risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, including adiposity body indexes and biochemical analysis, in a sample from the Baependi Heart Study before and after a 10-year follow-up. Hypertension was defined by the presence of systolic blood pressure (SBP) >= 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >= 90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive drugs. From an initial sample of 1693 participants, 498 (56% women; mean age 38 +/- 13 years) were eligible to be included. The overall hypertension incidence was 24.3% (22.3% in men and 25.6% in women). Persons who developed hypertension had higher prevalence of obesity, higher levels for blood pressure, higher frequency of dyslipidemia, and higher body adiposity indexes at baseline. The best prediction model for incident hypertension includes age, sex, HDL-c, SBP, and Body Mass Index (BMI) [AUC = 0.823, OR = 1.58 (95% CI 1.23-2.04)]. BMI was superior in its predictive capacity when compared to Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), and Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI). Incident hypertension in a sample from the Brazilian population was 24.3% after 10-year follow-up and BMI, albeit the simpler index to be calculated, is the best anthropometric index to predict incident hypertension.
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    Factors associated to the duration of COVID-19 lockdowns in Chile
    (2022) Pavani, Jessica; Cerda, Jaime; Gutierrez, Luis; Varas, Ines; Gutierrez, Ivan; Jofre, Leonardo; Ortiz, Oscar; Arriagada, Gabriel
    During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have implemented non-pharmacologic measures, mainly lockdowns and social distancing, to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These strategies varied widely across nations, and their efficacy is currently being studied. This study explores demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological factors associated with the duration of lockdowns applied in Chile between March 25th and December 25th, 2020. Joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data were used. In this case, the number of days under lockdown for each Chilean commune and longitudinal information were modeled jointly. Our results indicate that overcrowding, number of active cases, and positivity index are significantly associated with the duration of lockdowns, being identified as risk factors for longer lockdown duration. In short, joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data permit the identification of factors associated with the duration of lockdowns in Chile. Indeed, our findings suggest that demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological factors should be used to define both entering and exiting lockdown.
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    Joint spatial modeling of the risks of co-circulating mosquito-borne diseases in Ceara, Brazil
    (2023) Pavani, Jessica; Bastos, Leonardo S.; Moraga, Paula
    Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and chikungunya have been co-circulating in the Americas, causing great damage to the population. In 2021, for instance, almost 1.5 million cases were reported on the continent, being Brazil the responsible for most of them. Even though they are transmitted by the same mosquito, it remains unclear whether there exists a relationship between both diseases. In this paper, we model the geographic distributions of dengue and chikungunya over the years 2016 to 2021 in the Brazilian state of Ceara. We use a Bayesian hierarchical spatial model for the joint analysis of two arboviruses that includes spatial covariates as well as specific and shared spatial effects that take into account the potential autocorrelation between the two diseases. Our findings allow us to identify areas with high risk of one or both diseases. Only 7% of the areas present high relative risk for both diseases, which suggests a competition between viruses. This study advances the understanding of the geographic patterns and the identification of risk factors of dengue and chikungunya being able to help health decision-making.
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    Triglyceride glucose index as a tool to motivate early lifestyle modification in young adults at diabetes risk
    (2020) Oliveira, C. M. de; Pavani, Jessica; Liu, C.; Oliveira Alvim, R. de; Balcells Marty, María Elvira; Mourão Junior, C. A.; Krieger, J. E.; da Costa Pereira, A.