Browsing by Author "Oyanedel, Rodrigo"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    A dynamic simulation model to support reduction in illegal trade within legal wildlife markets
    (2022) Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan; Mathieu, Emile; Milner-Gulland, E. J.
    Sustainable wildlife trade is critical for biodiversity conservation, livelihoods, and food security. Regulatory frameworks are needed to secure these diverse benefits of sustainable wildlife trade. However, regulations limiting trade can backfire, sparking illegal trade if demand is not met by legal trade alone. Assessing how regulations affect wildlife market participants' incentives is key to controlling illegal trade. Although much research has assessed how incentives at both the harvester and consumer ends of markets are affected by regulations, little has been done to understand the incentives of traders (i.e., intermediaries). We built a dynamic simulation model to support reduction in illegal wildlife trade within legal markets by focusing on incentives traders face to trade legal or illegal products. We used an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach to infer illegal trading dynamics and parameters that might be unknown (e.g., price of illegal products). We showcased the utility of the approach with a small-scale fishery case study in Chile, where we disentangled within-year dynamics of legal and illegal trading and found that the majority (similar to 77%) of traded fish is illegal. We utilized the model to assess the effect of policy interventions to improve the fishery's sustainability and explore the trade-offs between ecological, economic, and social goals. Scenario simulations showed that even significant increases (over 200%) in parameters proxying for policy interventions enabled only moderate improvements in ecological and social sustainability of the fishery at substantial economic cost. These results expose how unbalanced trader incentives are toward trading illegal over legal products in this fishery. Our model provides a novel tool for promoting sustainable wildlife trade in data-limited settings, which explicitly considers traders as critical players in wildlife markets. Sustainable wildlife trade requires incentivizing legal over illegal wildlife trade and consideration of the social, ecological, and economic impacts of interventions.
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    A framework for assessing and intervening in markets driving unsustainable wildlife use
    (2021) Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan; Milner-Gulland, E. J.
    Understanding how markets drive unsustainable wildlife use is key for biodiversity conservation. Yet most approaches to date look at isolated components of wildlife markets, hindering our ability to intervene effectively to improve sustainability. To better assess and intervene in wildlife markets, we propose a framework that integrates three analytical levels. The first level, "actor", assesses the underlying motivations and mechanisms that allow or constrain how actors benefit from wildlife markets. The second level, "inter-actor", assesses the config-uration of wildlife product supply-chains and the type of competition between actors participating in wildlife markets. The third level, "market", evaluates supply-demand dynamics, quantity and price determinants, and the presence and effect of illegal products flowing into markets. We showcase the utility of the framework in a data-limited small-scale fishery case study (common hake, Merluccius gayi gayi in Chile); our mixed-method analysis provided relevant, tailored management recommendations for improving sustainability. Tackling markets driving unsustainable wildlife use needs integrated approaches that bring together the diversity of factors affecting wildlife market dynamics. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A synthesis of (non-)compliance theories with applications to small-scale fisheries research and practice
    (2020) Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan; Milner Gulland, E. J.
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    Adoption and impacts of fishing gear innovations: Insights from a small-scale fishery in Chile
    (2022) Canete, Felipe Torres; Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Gelcich, Stefan
    Small-scale fisheries contribute to food security and employ millions around the world. Overexploitation, however, threatens the suite of benefits that they can provide. Adopting innovations in gear technology can help to solve problems in fisheries (e.g. by-catch) but can also fuel overexploitation, with detrimental social, ecological, and economic impacts. Early assessments of the impacts of fishing gear innovations are crucial to preventing these innovations' adverse consequences. Using diverse methodologies, we assessed the impacts of a trammel net innovation in the cusk-eel small-scale fishery in central Chile. We show that the trammel net's adoption followed the path predicted by the diffusion of innovations theory and led to significant increases in landings. We also show, using a data-poor stock assessment methodology, that the red cusk-eel stock is over-exploited. Next, we identified fishers-perception of the ecological and economic impacts of the trammel net innovation. Finally, we used bidding games to assess fishers willingness to accept potential management measures to reduce the gear innovation impacts. Together, our results provide a comprehensive assessment of the trammel net innovation's diverse impacts in the cusk-eel small-scale fishery in central Chile and help identify potential ways forward. Timely and holistic assessments of the impacts of fishing gear innovations are essential to sustain fish stocks, promote responsible fishing and support the livelihoods of those who depend on fisheries worldwide.
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    Illegal fishing and territorial user rights in Chile
    (2018) Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Keim, Andres; Castilla, Juan Carlos; Gelcich, Stefan
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    Restaurateurs' context, decisions, and views on supporting sustainable seafood: Insights from Chile
    (2022) Donlan, C. Josh; Sorice, Michael G.; Contreras-Drey, Francisco J.; Oyanedel, Rodrigo; Avila-Thieme, M. Isidora; Gelcich, Stefan
    While restauranteurs are important actors in seafood systems, information on their decisions and views on sustainability is lacking. Using mixed methods, we explored Chilean restauranters' contexts, decisions, and views on seafood sustainability. Menus in Chile are diverse and dominated by domestic and wild-caught sources. Restauranters are willing to participate in traceability programs, especially when it is for both sustainability and health safety reasons. Restauranters believe that seafood is an elite resource and high prices are inhibiting access. They also believe patrons care little about seafood sustainability yet are willing to pay a premium for it. This contradiction suggests a mechanism for activating values via situational factors. While demand and benefits for seafood traceability programs appear present, challenges threaten successful implementation. Complex socio-economic factors, such as affordability, elitism, and inequity, need to be integrated into traceability program design to contribute to the necessary transformation of seafood systems.
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    Situational crime analysis of poaching within Territorial Use Rights Fisheries (TURFs)
    (2024) Vallejos, Tomas; Nahuelhual, Laura; Gelcich, Stefan; Oyanedel, Rodrigo
    Introduction Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing poses a significant threat to marine resource management globally. Environmental criminology plays a vital role in understanding and mitigating IUU activities by focusing on the contextual elements surrounding these crimes. This study examines the dynamics of poaching within areas managed through Territorial User Rights for Fisheries (TURFs), with a specific emphasis on the loco (Concholepas concholepas) fishery in Chile.Methods Employing Crime Script Analysis (CSA) as the primary methodological lens, this research meticulously deconstructs the criminal process involved in TURFs poaching operations. CSA is used to identify key elements, providing a comprehensive understanding of poachers modus operandi. Additionally, by integrating CSA with Situational Precipitators of Crime (SPC), the study identifies critical factors such as environmental conditions, socio-economic disparities, and enforcement weaknesses that shape poaching opportunities within TURFs.Results The analysis reveals a complex interplay between SPC factors, underscoring their role in shaping poaching dynamics. Key findings highlight the importance of specific environmental conditions, socio-economic disparities, and enforcement weaknesses in facilitating poaching activities. The study identifies various tactics and strategies employed by poachers and the roles of different actors involved in the poaching process.Discussion Building upon these findings, the study proposes a comprehensive Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) framework aimed at effectively combating TURFs poaching. The framework emphasizes the importance of striking a careful balance between restrictive and inclusive measures to mitigate potential negative consequences. The study contributes valuable insights into understanding and addressing IUU fishing, particularly within TURFs in Chile.