Browsing by Author "Ordenes-Claveria, Rodrigo"

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    A geometric morphometrics and genetics characterization of Vanessa carye in an extreme elevational gradient in the Chilean Altiplano
    (2023) Escobar-Suarez, Scott; Villalobos-Leiva, Amado; Fabres, Alejandra; Ordenes-Claveria, Rodrigo; Cruz-Jofre, Franco; Laroze, David; Correa, Margarita; Valladares, Moises A.; Caceres, Juan Sebastian D.; Benitez, Hugo A.
    The Western Painted Lady butterfly, Vanessa carye (Huber, 1812), in addition to pre-senting an extensive distribution in South America, has been observed flying in the Chilean Alti-plano from the coast to the highlands, from 0 to 5200 m.a.s.l. and it is suggested that could be a migratory insect. Some animal species move from one place to another by migration searching for favorable conditions. Wings of flying migratory animals are the principal trait involved in move-ment, and their shape has been documented to change between migratory and non-migratory species or populations. In this sense, little is known about the adaptations of butterflies to elevational gradients, so the V. carye's wide latitudinal and altitudinal range coupled with the different climatic conditions makes this species an interesting subject for adaptation studies. This research studies V. carye at different elevational ranges in extreme environments at the Chilean Altiplano and Atacama Desert to determine the presence of morphotypes through geometric morphometrics associated with altitudinal patterns, and to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of this species by using COI molecular marker. Subtle morphometric changes between populations were found, so two morphometric lineages were defined: a "coastal" lineage with more elongated wings and an "altiplano" lineage with more rounded wings. Nevertheless, low genetic diversity and no genetic structure associated to these morphological differences were found. Understanding the processes underlying the wing shape of V. carye morphological adaptations will help to understand its natural history. Results here may be a first approach of evidence to answer the question "Is this butterfly a migratory species?"
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    Insect Fluctuating Asymmetry: An Example in Bolivian Peridomestic Populations of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
    (2022) Vilaseca, Carolina; Pinto, Carlos F.; Ordenes-Claveria, Rodrigo; Laroze, David; Mendez, Marco A.; Benitez, Hugo A.
    Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is a morphometric tool used to measure developmental instability in organisms which have been exposed to stress or other adverse conditions. Phenotypic variability in response to stressors are the result of interactions between genomes and the environment, acting in a noisy developmental system. Most of the organisms have bilateral symmetry with a repetition of structures in different positions or orientations; asymmetrical variation has been a morphological response associated with insecticide application inducing disturbances in endocrinal system product of the chemicals. Triatoma infestans (is the main vector of Chagas disease in South America. The availability of food sources varies for populations of T. infestans living in different habitats; insects that inhabit the intradomicile feed preferentially on human blood, whereas insects that develop in the peridomicile feed on the blood of the other mammals and birds. The following research evaluate the FA to the different ecotopes in two geographical areas of Chuquisaca Bolivia; Yamparaez/Sotomayor of the high inter-Andean valleys and Huacaya/Imbochi of the boreal Chaco and a CIPEIN laboratory strain population. A combination of advanced morphometrics tools and multivariate analysis were used to quantify the levels of asymmetry produced by pyretroid near to the peridomiciles in Bolivia. Populations from Yamparaez/Sotomayor were found to have higher levels of FA which the combination of environmental conditions such as low temperatures avoid greater permanence in the habitat and more exposition to insecticide. A better understanding of the combination of these tools will allow researchers to implement better public policies to regulate insecticide applications and to understand how certain organisms adapt to multiple stressors.