Browsing by Author "Núñez, Catalina "

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Intento e ideación suicida en consultantes a salud mental: Estilos depresivos, malestar interpersonal y satisfacción familiar
    (2017) Morales Silva, Susana; Echavárri Vesperinas, María Orietta; Barros Beck, Jorge Alejandro; Maino, María de la Paz; Armijo Rodríguez, Iván Alejandro; Fischman, Ronit; Núñez, Catalina; Moya, Claudia; Monari, Marietta
    Se estudió la relación entre estilo de vivencia depresiva, satisfacción familiar, malestar en las relaciones interpersonales y conducta suicida en 405 consultantes a salud mental en la Región Metropolitana, Chile, a través de una muestra intencionada. Se clasificaron en: intento de suicidio de alta gravedad, intento de suicidio de baja gravedad, ideación suicida y sin conducta suicida. Se utilizaron los instrumentos DEQ, OQ-45.2, APGAR, RFL, Escala de Riesgo-Rescate y Escala de Intención Suicida. Se realizaron ANOVA, 2 y modelos de mediación y moderación de procesos condicionales. El grupo con intento suicida de alta gravedad mostró una predominancia del estilo dependiente. Hubo una alta presencia del estilo autocrítico en la muestra total, especialmente en el grupo con ideación suicida. Los grupos con riesgo suicida presentaron mayores índices disfuncionales de malestar interpersonal y una mayor percepción de disfuncionalidad familiar grave que el grupo sin conducta suicida. La satisfacción con el funcionamiento familiar mostró un efecto en la intencionalidad de morir al momento del intento de suicidio. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia del funcionamiento familiar y las relaciones interpersonales en el riesgo suicida.
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    Recognizing states of psychological vulnerability to suicidal behavior: a Bayesian network of artificial intelligence applied to a clinical sample
    (2020) Barros Beck, Jorge Alejandro; Morales Silva, Susana; Echavárri Vesperinas, María Orietta; Szmulewicz Espinosa, Marta Adelina; Núñez, Catalina; García, Arnol; Fischman, Ronit; Moya Dabed, Claudia Andrea; Tomicic S., Alemka
    Abstract Background This study aimed to determine conditional dependence relationships of variables that contribute to psychological vulnerability associated with suicide risk. A Bayesian network (BN) was developed and applied to establish conditional dependence relationships among variables for each individual subject studied. These conditional dependencies represented the different states that patients could experience in relation to suicidal behavior (SB). The clinical sample included 650 mental health patients with mood and anxiety symptomatology. Results Mainly indicated that variables within the Bayesian network are part of each patient’s state of psychological vulnerability and have the potential to impact such states and that these variables coexist and are relatively stable over time. These results have enabled us to offer a tool to detect states of psychological vulnerability associated with suicide risk. Conclusion If we accept that suicidal behaviors (vulnerability, ideation, and suicidal attempts) exist in constant change and are unstable, we can investigate what individuals experience at specific moments to become better able to intervene in a timely manner to prevent such behaviors. Future testing of the tool developed in this study is needed, not only in specialized mental health environments but also in other environments with high rates of mental illness, such as primary healthcare facilities and educational institutions.
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    Suicide detection in Chile: proposing a predictive model for suicide risk in a clinical sample of patients with mood disorders
    (2017) Barros Beck, Jorge Alejandro; Morales Silva, Susana; Echavárri Vesperinas, María Orietta; García, Arnol; Ortega, Jaime; Asahi, Takeshi; Moya, Claudia; Fischman, Ronit; Maino, María P.; Núñez, Catalina
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    Vivencia-expresión de la rabia y razones para vivir en un grupo de pacientes chilenos con riesgo suicida
    (2016) Morales Silva, Susana; Fischman, Ronit; Echavárri Vesperinas, María Orietta; Barros Beck, Jorge Alejandro; Armijo Rodríguez, Iván Alejandro; Moya, Claudia; Maino, María de la Paz; Núñez, Catalina
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    “What If We Get Sick?”: Spanish Adaptation and Validation of the Fear of Illness and Virus Evaluation Scale in a Non-clinical Sample Exposed to the COVID-19 Pandemic
    (2021) Cottin, Marianne ; Hernández, Cristóbal ; Núñez, Catalina ; Labbé, Nicolás ; Quevedo, Yamil ; Davanzo, Antonella; Alex Behn
    Distinct sources of stress have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, fear is expected to generate significant psychological burden on individuals and influence on either unsafe behavior that may hinder recovery efforts or virus-mitigating behaviors. However, little is known about the properties of measures to capture them in research and clinical settings. To resolve this gap, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a novel measure of fear of illness and viruses and tested its predictive value for future development of distress. We extracted a random sample of 450 Chilean adult participants from a large cross-sectional survey panel and invited to participate in this intensive longitudinal study for 35 days. Of these, 163 ended up enrolling in the study after the demanding nature of the measurement schedule was clearly explained to them. For this final sample, we calculated different Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) to evaluate the preliminary proposed structure for the instrument. Complementarily, we conducted a content analysis of the items to qualitatively extract its latent structure, which was also subject to empirical test via CFA. Results indicated that the original structure did not fit the data well; however, the new proposed structure based on the content analysis did. Overall, the modified instrument showed good reliability through all subscales both by its internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.814 to 0.913, and with test-retest correlations ranging from 0.715 to 0.804. Regarding its convergent validity, individuals who scored higher in fears tended to also score higher in depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms at baseline. Furthermore, higher fears at baseline predicted a higher score in posttraumatic stress symptomatology 7 days later. These results provide evidence for the validity, reliability, and predictive performance of the scale. As the scale is free and multidimensional potentially not circumscribed to COVID-19, it might work as a step toward understanding the psychological impact of current and future pandemics, or further life-threatening health situations of similar characteristics. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions for research are discussed.