Browsing by Author "Muñoz, Camila"

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    Conflictos y oportunidades para la creación de espacios urbanos sustentables en la Estación Intermodal Lo Ovalle, La Cisterna
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2023) Ríos Peters, Roxanna; Muñoz, Camila; Valenzuela, Rosario; Waintrub Santibáñez, Natan; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; Vecchio, Giovanni; Alvarez Vandeputte, Martín; CEDEUS (Chile)
    El desarrollo urbano territorial de La Cisterna ha estado históricamente vinculado al desarrollo de los sistemas de transporte. Si bien en un inicio la comuna de La Cisterna fue parte de la periferia urbana de Santiago, hoy tiene una posición mediterránea y estratégica, conectando la comuna de Santiago Centro con la zona sur de la ciudad por medio de su principal calle estructurante: Gran Avenida José Miguel Carrera. Tres grandes intervenciones de transporte urbanas, a partir de los años 60 y hasta inicios de la década pasada, afianzan la vocación de subcentro económico e intermodal del paradero 18 de Gran Avenida, donde se encuentra la Estación Intermodal Lo Ovalle: la consolidación de la Gran Avenida como un eje de relevancia metropolitana, la inauguración de línea 2 del Metro, y su posterior extensión hacia la intermodal La Cisterna.
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    Diagnóstico y propuestas participativas para el desarrollo sustentable del sector Huertos Mapuhue, La Pintana
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2023) Alvarez Vandeputte, Martín; Muñoz, Camila; León Ibarra, Lisbeth Macarena; Figueroa Martínez, Cristhian; Vechio, Giovanni; Greene, Margarita; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    El desarrollo urbano territorial de La Pintana ha sido el resultado de la instalación de huertas urbanas, activi­dades ciudadanas, y diferentes políticas y programas habitacionales. Estos procesos han generado enclaves de alta densidad y pobreza, intercalados con grandes paños de áreas verdes y zonas silvoagropecuarias1 de gran relevancia para el desarrollo sustentable y justo, tan importante para generar la resiliencia necesaria para el siglo XXI.
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    Entorno construido en barrios vulnerables: aproximaciones para política pública
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2024) Figueroa Martínez, Cristhian; Rodríguez, Sebastián; Álvarez, Martín; Muñoz, Camila; Ríos Peters, Roxanna; CEDEUS (Chile)
    El entorno construido ha sido clave en políticas y programas que buscan mejorar barrios vulnerables. La evidencia que sustenta tales iniciativas es, no obstante, escasa. Mediante el estudio de un barrio vulnerable, pero que se encuentra en ascenso, se provee evidencia para comprender el rol del entorno construido en contextos de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica
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    Estudio diagnóstico sobre conflictos y oportunidades para la creación de espacios urbanos sustentables en la Estación Intermodal Lo Ovalle, La Cisterna
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2023) Ríos, Roxanna; Muñoz, Camila; Valenzuela, Rosario; Waintrub, Natan; Mora, Rodrigo; Vecchio, Giovanni; Álvarez, Martín; CEDEUS (Chile)
    El desarrollo urbano territorial de La Cisterna ha estado históricamente vinculado al desarrollo de los sistemas de transporte. Si bien en un inicio la comuna de La Cisterna fue parte de la periferia urbana de Santiago, hoy tiene una posición mediterránea y estratégica, conectando la comuna de Santiago centro con la zona sur de la ciudad por medio de su principal calle estructurante: Gran Avenida José Miguel Carrera. Tres grandes intervenciones de transporte urbanas, a partir de los años 60 y hasta inicios de la década pasada afianzan la vocación de subcentro económico e intermodal del paradero 18 de Gran Avenida, donde se encuentra la Estación Intermodal Lo Ovalle (Forray, Figueroa & Hidalgo, 2013): la consolidación de la Gran Avenida como un eje de relevancia metropolitana, la inauguración de línea 2 del Metro, y su posterior extensión hacia el intermodal La Cisterna.
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    Estudio diagnóstico sobre el entorno construido, la identidad y trayectoria de la Calle Claudio Arrau, El Bosque, Región Metropolitana.
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2023) Ríos, Roxanna; Muñoz, Camila; Álvarez, Martín; Figueroa, Cristhian; CEDEUS (Chile)
    En el marco del trabajo realizado en el Laboratorio Urbano “Claudio Arrau”, en la comuna de El Bosque, cuyo objetivo fue explorar las características del entorno construido, de la comunidad, y la relación entre ellas, es que el presente informe destaca los atributos y cualidades de la calle Claudio Arrau, que han permitido su consolidación como un importante eje comercial y patrimonial para el entorno urbano de la comuna y que, al observar, resaltan su estética y un dinamismo particular que la distinguen de otros barrios cercanos y similares respecto a Características socioeconómicas.
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    Highly efficient free-breathing 3D whole-heart imaging in 3-min: single center study in adults with congenital heart disease
    (2024) Fotaki, Anastasia; Pushparajah, Kuberan; Rush, Christopher; Muñoz, Camila; Velasco, Carlos; Neji, Radhouene; Kunze, Karl P.; Botnar, René Michael; Prieto Vásquez, Claudia Del Carmen
    Background: Three dimensional, whole-heart (3DWH) MRI is an established non-invasive imaging modality in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) for the diagnosis of cardiovascular morphology and for clinical decision making. Current techniques utilise diaphragmatic navigation (dNAV) for respiratory motion correction and gating and are frequently limited by long acquisition times. This study proposes and evaluates the diagnostic performance of a respiratory gating-free framework, which considers respiratory image-based navigation (iNAV), and highly accelerated variable density Cartesian sampling in concert with non-rigid motion correction and low-rank patch-based denoising (iNAV-3DWH-PROST). The method is compared to the clinical dNAV-3DWH sequence in adult patients with CHD. Methods: In this prospective single center study, adult patients with CHD who underwent the clinical dNAV-3DWH MRI were also scanned with the iNAV-3DWH-PROST. Diagnostic confidence (4-point Likert scale) and diagnostic accuracy for common cardiovascular lesions was assessed by three readers. Scan times and diagnostic confidence were compared using the Wilcoxon-signed rank test. Co-axial vascular dimensions at three anatomic landmarks were measured, and agreement between the research and the corresponding clinical sequence was assessed with Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The study included 60 participants (mean age ± [SD]: 33 ± 14 years; 36 men). The mean acquisition time of iNAV-3DWH-PROST was significantly lower compared with the conventional clinical sequence (3.1 ± 0.9 min vs 13.9 ± 3.9 min, p < 0.0001). Diagnostic confidence was higher for the iNAV-3DWH-PROST sequence compared with the clinical sequence (3.9 ± 0.2 vs 3.4 ± 0.8, p < 0.001), however there was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy. Narrow limits of agreement and mean bias less than 0.08 cm were found between the research and the clinical vascular measurements. Conclusions: The iNAV-3DWH-PROST framework provides efficient, high quality and robust 3D whole-heart imaging in significantly shorter scan time compared to the standard clinical sequence.
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    Latest Advances in Image Acceleration: All Dimensions are Fair Game
    (2022) Muñoz, Camila; Fotaki, Anastasia; Botnar, René Michael; Prieto Vásquez, Claudia
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile modality that can generate high-resolution images with a variety of tissue contrasts. However, MRI is a slow technique and requires long acquisition times, which increase with higher temporal and spatial resolution and/or when multiple contrasts and large volumetric coverage is required. In order to speedup MR data acquisition, several approaches have been introduced in the literature. Most of these techniques acquire less data than required and exploit intrinsic redundancies in the MR images to recover the information that was not sampled. This article presents a review of MR acquisition and reconstruction methods that have exploited redundancies in the temporal, spatial, and contrast/parametric dimensions to accelerate image data acquisition, focusing on cardiac and abdominal MR imaging applications. The review describes how each of these dimensions has been separately exploited for speeding up MR acquisition to then discuss more advanced techniques where multiple dimensions are exploited together for further reducing scan times. Finally, future directions for multidimensional image acceleration and remaining technical challenges are discussed.
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    Mi barrio, mis derechos: diseño urbano con perspectiva de infancia
    (2021) Álvarez Vandeputte, Martín Ignacio; León, Lizbeth; Muñoz, Camila; Ramírez Silva, María Inés; Ríos Peters, Roxanna; Rivera, Magdalena; Rodríguez, Sebastián; Zegers Francisca; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Motion-corrected whole-heart PET-MR for the simultaneous visualisation of coronary artery integrity and myocardial viability: an initial clinical validation
    (2018) Muñoz, Camila; Kunze, Karl P.; Neji, Radhouene; Vitadello, Teresa; Rischpler, Christoph; Botnar, René Michael; Nekolla, Stephan G.; Prieto Vásquez, Claudia
    Purpose: Cardiac PET-MR has shown potential for the comprehensive assessment of coronary heart disease. However, image degradation due to physiological motion remains a challenge that could hinder the adoption of this technology in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to validate a recently proposed respiratory motion-corrected PET-MR framework for the simultaneous visualisation of myocardial viability (18F-FDG PET) and coronary artery anatomy (coronary MR angiography, CMRA) in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods: A cohort of 14 patients was scanned with the proposed PET-CMRA framework. PET and CMRA images were reconstructed with and without the proposed motion correction approach for comparison purposes. Metrics of image quality including visible vessel length and sharpness were obtained for CMRA for both the right and left anterior descending coronary arteries (RCA, LAD), and relative increase in 18F-FDG PET signal after motion correction for standard 17-segment polar maps was computed. Resulting coronary anatomy by CMRA and myocardial integrity by PET were visually compared against X-ray angiography and conventional Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) MRI, respectively. Results: Motion correction increased CMRA visible vessel length by 49.9% and 32.6% (RCA, LAD) and vessel sharpness by 12.3% and 18.9% (RCA, LAD) on average compared to uncorrected images. Coronary lumen delineation on motion-corrected CMRA images was in good agreement with X-ray angiography findings. For PET, motion correction resulted in an average 8% increase in 18F-FDG signal in the inferior and inferolateral segments of the myocardial wall. An improved delineation of myocardial viability defects and reduced noise in the 18F-FDG PET images was observed, improving correspondence to subendocardial LGE-MRI findings compared to uncorrected images. Conclusion: The feasibility of the PET-CMRA framework for simultaneous cardiac PET-MR imaging in a short and predictable scan time (~11 min) has been demonstrated in 14 patients with CTO. Motion correction increased visible length and sharpness of the coronary arteries by CMRA, and improved delineation of the myocardium by 18F-FDG PET, resulting in good agreement with X-ray angiography and LGE-MRI.
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    Recent advances in PET-MRI for Cardiac Sarcoidosis
    (2022) Muñoz, Camila; Schneider, Alina; Botnar, René Michael; Prieto Vásquez, Claudia
    The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) remains challenging. While only a small fraction of patients with systemic sarcoidosis present with clinically symptomatic CS, cardiac involvement has been associated with adverse outcomes, such as ventricular arrhythmia, heart block, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Despite the clinical relevance of having an early and accurate diagnosis of CS, there is no gold-standard technique available for the assessment of CS. Non-invasive PET and MR imaging have shown promise in the detection of different histopathological features of CS. More recently, the introduction of hybrid PET-MR scanners has enabled the acquisition of these hallmarks in a single scan, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CS detection and risk stratification than with either imaging modality alone. This article describes recent developments in hybrid PET-MR imaging for improving the diagnosis of CS and discusses areas of future development that could make cardiac PET-MRI the preferred diagnostic tool for the comprehensive assessment of CS.
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    Simultaneous Highly Efficient Contrast-Free Lumen and Vessel Wall MR Imaging for Anatomical Assessment of Aortic Disease
    (2023) Muñoz, Camila; Fotaki, Anastasia; Hua, Alina; Hajhosseiny, Reza; Kunze, Karl P.; Ismail, Tevfik F.; Neji, Radhouene; Pushparajah, Kuberan; Botnar, René Michael; Prieto Vásquez, Claudia
    Background: Bright-blood lumen and black-blood vessel wall imaging are required for the comprehensive assessment of aortic disease. These images are usually acquired separately, resulting in long examinations and potential misregistration between images. Purpose: To characterize the performance of an accelerated and respiratory motion-compensated three-dimensional (3D) cardiac MRI technique for simultaneous contrast-free aortic lumen and vessel wall imaging with an interleaved T2 and inversion recovery prepared sequence (iT2Prep-BOOST). Study Type: Prospective. Population: A total of 30 consecutive patients with aortopathy referred for a clinically indicated cardiac MRI examination (9 females, mean age ± standard deviation: 32 ± 12 years). Field Strength/Sequence: 1.5-T; bright-blood MR angiography (diaphragmatic navigator-gated T2-prepared 3D balanced steady-state free precession [bSSFP], T2Prep-bSSFP), breath-held black-blood two-dimensional (2D) half acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE), and 3D bSSFP iT2Prep-BOOST. Assessment: iT2Prep-BOOST bright-blood images were compared to T2prep-bSSFP images in terms of aortic vessel dimensions, lumen-to-myocardium contrast ratio (CR), and image quality (diagnostic confidence, vessel sharpness and presence of artifacts, assessed by three cardiologists on a 4-point scale, 1: nondiagnostic to 4: excellent). The iT2Prep-BOOST black-blood images were compared to 2D HASTE images for quantification of wall thickness. A visual comparison between computed tomography (CT) and iT2Prep-BOOST was performed in a patient with chronic aortic dissection. Statistical Tests: Paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman analysis. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Bright-blood iT2Prep-BOOST resulted in significantly improved image quality (mean ± standard deviation 3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 3.3 ± 0.8) and CR (2.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.8 ± 0.5) compared with T2Prep-bSSFP, with a shorter scan time (7.8 ± 1.7 minutes vs. 12.9 ± 3.4 minutes) while providing a complementary 3D black-blood image. Aortic lumen diameter and vessel wall thickness measurements in bright-blood and black-blood images were in good agreement with T2Prep-bSSFP and HASTE images (<0.02 cm and <0.005 cm bias, respectively) and good intrareader (ICC > 0.96) and interreader (ICC > 0.94) agreement was observed for all measurements. Data Conclusion: iT2Prep-BOOST might enable time-efficient simultaneous bright- and black-blood aortic imaging, with improved image quality compared to T2Prep-bSSFP and HASTE imaging, and comparable measurements for aortic wall and lumen dimensions. Evidence Level: 2. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2.
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    Sustentabilidad urbana en los barrios de la periferia relegada: el caso de Claudio Arrau, Santiago
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2024) Figueroa, Christián; Rodríguez, Sebastián; Muñoz, Camila; Ríos Peters, Roxanna; CEDEUS (Chile)
    El documento busca contribuir a la atención del rol que tiene el tejido social y el entorno construido en los territorios. A partir de una metodología basada en entrevistas, los resultados muestran que la trayectoria, estructura urbana y la nutrida organización social colaboran en la construcción de una idea de proyecto colectivo; el comercio como reproductor de lazos; y el tejido social y el entorno construido de la calle refuerzan el apego, la identidad, la cohesión, entre otros.