Browsing by Author "Morales-Salinas, Luis"

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    Assessment of the vineyard water footprint by using ancillary data and EEFlux satellite images. Examples in the Chilean central zone
    (2022) Carrasco-Benavides, Marcos; Ortega-Farias, Samuel; Gil, Pilar M.; Knopp, Daniel; Morales-Salinas, Luis; Octavio Lagos, L.; de la Fuente, Daniel; Lopez-Olivari, Rafael; Fuentes, Sigfredo
    The increase of vineyard's water consumption due to the Global Warming Phenomenon (GWP) has forced the winegrowers to strengthen their irrigation and water stewardship efforts, intended for maintaining this resource's long-term sustainable use. Due to water being a limited resource, implementing the Water Footprint (WF) concept in winegrapes production provides helpful information for sustainable water stewardship. Currently, an automated version of the satellite-based METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration) model, the Google Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFlux) platform, has been suggested as an alternative to analyzing the spatial variability of an entire field's water consumption throughout the growing season. This work aimed to evaluate the potential application of the EEFlux satellite's actual evapotranspiration (ETa) products and ancillary field data to obtain the WF blue (WFb) and green (WFg) of six commercial vineyards placed in the Chilean central zone. Firstly, the reliability of the daily actual evapotranspiration data from EEFlux (ETa EEFlux) was assessed against measured ETa data, using an available database from previous studies. The results of ETa EEFluxestimations against measured ETa were impressive, presenting a root square error (RMSE) of 0.8 mm day-1. The satellite-derived crop coefficients (Kc Sat) allowed to estimate the total WF of each vineyard, in a range of 200 to 900 m3 t-1, showing an average relative error (RE) of 101%, between the satellite-based WFb (WFb Sat) and those calculated from irrigation records (WFb). These results reflected the particular conditions of each vineyard and can be considered reasonable since they were estimated from ancillary data and EEFlux products. This study provides new insights that may represent opportunities to sustainably managing the irrigation of vineyards.
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    Practices and Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Variability in Family Farming. An Analysis of Cases of Rural Communities in the Andes Mountains of Colombia and Chile
    (2021) Marchant Santiago, Carla; Rodriguez Diaz, Paulina; Morales-Salinas, Luis; Paz Betancourt, Liliana; Ortega Fernandez, Luis
    Climate variability imposes greater challenges on family farming and especially on rural communities in vulnerable mountainous regions such as the Andes in Latin America. Changes in rainfall patterns and fluctuations in temperatures cause a greater frequency of extreme events, increased pests, and crop diseases, which even lead to food insecurity in communities that depend on self-production for survival. This is why strategies need to be developed to face this new scenario. Two cases of adaptation experiences to the effects of climate variability in rural communities in Chile (Araucania Region) and Colombia (Cauca Department) were analyzed on this paper. For this, a mixed methodological approach was adopted that included the analysis of climate data, socioeconomic, and productive characterization of the communities, and a characterization of adaptation practices for both cases. The results show various ways of adapting mainly to changes in the availability and access of water for the development of agriculture and for domestic use. Likewise, it is shown that in order to be successful, the measures for facing climate variability must be part of coordinated strategies under a community-based adaptation approach and not developed in isolation.
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    Spatio-Temporal Behavior of Land Surface Temperatures (LSTs) in Central Chile, Using Terra MODIS Images
    (2024) Munoz-Aguayo, Pedro; Morales-Salinas, Luis; Pizarro, Roberto; Ibanez, Alfredo; Sanguesa, Claudia; Fuentes-Jaque, Guillermo; Toledo, Cristobal; Garcia-Chevesich, Pablo A.
    Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important variables in the physical processes of surface energy and water balance. The temporal behavior of LST was analyzed between the latitudes 32 degrees 00 ' S and 34 degrees 24 ' S (Valpara & iacute;so and Metropolitana regions of Chile) for three summer months (December, January, and February) in the 2000-2017 period, using the Terra MODIS image information and applying the Mann-Kendall test. The results show an increase in LST in the study area, particularly in the Andes mountain range in January (5240 km2), which mainly comprises areas devoid of vegetation and eternal snow and glaciers, and are zones that act as water reserves for the capital city of Santiago. Similarly, vegetated areas such as forests, grasslands, and shrublands also show increasing trends in LST but over smaller surfaces. Because this study is regional, it is recommended to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of the images to obtain conclusions on more local scales.