Browsing by Author "Mora, Rodrigo"

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    Bikesharing and ordinary cyclists from Chile: Comparing trips, attitudes, and health-behaviours
    (2024) Mora, Rodrigo; Miranda Marquez, Sebastián; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo; Sadarangani, Kabir P.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Bikesharing helps citizens solve “the last mile” problem actively and healthily. However, these schemes tend to be located in the affluent and central areas of cities and often demand users to pay by credit or debit cards that are typically out of reach for poor groups, especially in developing countries. Consequently, bikesharing tends to reproduce existing inequalities in cities, leaving vulnerable groups and those living in poor areas with no option to ride bicycles. This study compares bikesharing users and ordinary cyclists from Santiago de Chile in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics, health status, transport-modal patterns, attitudes, and perceptions toward cycling and bikesharing infrastructure. In all, 1272 adult participants (569 bikesharing users and 703 ordinary cyclists, 63% males) responded to a 12-min survey in Santiago de Chile. The main findings show that bikesharing users reported higher educational levels and car ownership than ordinary cyclists, made shorter trips, and cycled less often than ordinary cyclists. However, using shared bikes permits them to comply with nearly 53% of their weekly physical activity recommendations, as nearly 40% of bikesharing trips would be otherwise made by car. Bikesharing users also tend to visit central areas of Santiago and rarely visit less central and affluent zones.
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    Bus drivers and their interactions with cyclists: An analysis of minor conflicts
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Mora, Rodrigo; Waintrub Santibanez, Natan; Figueroa-Martinez, Christian; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Driving a bus in a city is a challenging task as it demands paying attention to changing conditions (e.g., weather, congestion) while interacting with passengers and other road users who sometimes display unpredictable behaviours. Cyclists play an important role in these interactions. This paper investigates how cyclists are perceived by bus drivers and how conflicts arising from their daily interactions shape the attitudes of bus drivers. A total of 639 bus drivers (4% of the workforce, 91% males) working in Santiago de Chile responded an online survey. The survey asked drivers about their perception of other transport modes, their experience with traffic collisions and the conflicts they have had with cyclists. Later, logistic regression models were estimated, using “coexistence with cyclists” as the dependent variable. The findings show that younger and older drivers have a better perception of cyclists compared to middle-aged ones. Negative experiences with cyclists worsen the perception of co-existence with cyclists; meanwhile, previous cycling experience was unrelated to drivers’ perceptions. The results also suggest that existing norms are perceived as ineffective. Finally, gender was not statistically significant in shaping bus drivers’ perception of cyclists, yet this topic requires further attention as the composition of the public transport labour force is changing.
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    Calles completas. Experiencia Internacional y aplicabilidad en Chile
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2019) Echiburu Altamirano, Tomás; Fuenzalida, Jorge; Larraín Izquierdo, Homero; Mora, Rodrigo; Muñoz, Juan Carlos; Vecchio, Giovanni; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Este documento aborda el concepto Calles Completas, cómo dicho enfoque ha sido adoptado en Londres y qué aspectos de esta experiencia podrían ser útiles para pensar las calles en Chile desde este paradigma, considerando la información disponible en el país. En tal sentido se propone una reclasificación de calles que integra las ideas de movilidad y espacio público, buscando un balance adecuado considerando las características y rol de cada vía. La estrategia de Calles Completas plantea que las calles deben ser acondicionadas para acoger de manera segura y cómoda las necesidades de todos sus usuarios, privilegiando los grupos y los modos de transporte más vulnerables. Asimismo, esta mirada considera que la función última de la calle no es solo servir para el transporte, sino también como espacio público para el encuentro de las personas.
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    Calles y movilidad sustentable en pandemia: experiencias y aprendizajes de cinco ciudades latinoamericanas
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2021) Vecchio, Giovanni; Mora, Rodrigo; Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio; CEDEUS (Chile)
    La pandemia del COVID-19 abrió una serie de oportunidades para avanzar hacia una movilidad sustentable en América Latina, facilitando la implementación de nuevas intervenciones en las calles. Cinco tomadores de decisiones de ciudades en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México y Colombia, relatan los cambios urbanos (ciclovías de emergencia, peatonalización de calles, priorización del transporte público, entre otros), y de gobernanza implementados para enfrentar la pandemia.
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    Cambios normativos para la imprementación de calles para las personas
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2020) Mora, Rodrigo; Vecchio, Giovanni; CEDEUS (Chile)
    La Ordenanza General de Urbanismo y Construcciones (OGUC), el documento que en mayor medida regula el diseño de ciudades y edificios en Chile, dificulta la realización de calles para las personas, entendidas éstas como vías capaces de integrar funciones de movimiento y permanencia en el espacio público. Basándose en normativas europeas y latinoamericanas, se propone modificar la legislación vigente en Chile cambiando la definición de la calle, sus funciones y roles, y la jerarquía de la red vial, además de sugerir la adopción de principios generales inspirados en los pilares de la sustentabilidad.
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    Dinámicas Territoriales
    (Ediciones ARQ, 2023) Fuentes, Luis; Fuentes, Luis; Greene, Margarita; Mora, Rodrigo; CEDEUS UC
    Este segundo libro de la serie “Tópicos de sustentabilidad” de CEDEUS describe y analiza la estructura y desarrollo de las ciudades y su relación dinámica con el territorio circundante, abordando aspectos fundamentales de la sustentabilidad urbana y territorial. En particular, discute las formas de crecimiento urbano, la naturaleza multiescalar de la planificación urbana y la relevancia de la accesibilidad en la planificación territorial. Los diversos capítulos del libro presentan el estado del arte y discuten los desafíos actuales que enfrenta América Latina y el Caribe en estas materias. Incluye además un Atlas de Casos que ilustra la rica y diversa experiencia de la región, de la cual podemos aprender unos de otros.
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    Efectos de las autopistas urbanas en sus entornos inmediatos: un análisis desde la sintaxis espacial
    (2018) Figueroa, Cristhian; Greene, Margarita; Mora, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    La inauguración del túnel bajo la avenida Kennedy en octubre de 2017 en Santiago, transformó en vía expresa el último tramo de la autopista oriente-poniente de la ciudad que aún mantenía ciertas características de vía local. Con ello, se puso fin a la primera etapa de autopistas urbanas que entraron en funcionamiento hace ya 20 años y que han sido cuestionadas desde distintos frentes. Este trabajo busca profundizar en el análisis de los efectos (positivos y negativos) que la actual red de autopistas urbanas tiene en los barrios adyacentes, usando el marco teórico y metodológico de la sintaxis espacial.Para ello se analizaron las cuatro autopistas que penetran en el tejido urbano (Autopista Central, Costanera Norte, Acceso Sur a Santiago y Américo Vespucio), y tres escenarios: situación base, ciudad gratuita, y ciudad tarificada, considerando un buffer de 500 metros desde cada autopista para el análisis.Los resultados mostraron que la integración global o accesibilidad global de la red de calles, varió fuertemente en las cuatro autopistas analizadas, mientras que la integración local (accesibilidad a nivel de barrio) no muestra mayores cambios. Las variaciones a nivel global se explican por la forma en que fue intervenida la trama de calles vecinas a las autopistas: mientras en algunos casos se hizo un esfuerzo por generar continuidad entre ambos lados de la vía donde antes no la había (por ejemplo, Costanera Norte donde se construyeron nuevos puentes sobre el río Mapocho); en otros la intervención de las autopistas sobre la trama de calles tendió a dividir barrios que antes eran uno solo (por ejemplo Acceso Sur).Lo anterior muestra que los efectos negativos de las autopistas en los barrios pueden ser mitigados (en gran medida), con un adecuado diseño de las conexiones en sus bordes. Pasados 20 años desde la primera autopista urbana en Santiago, parece necesario que estas infraestructuras comiencen a ser evaluadas como proyectos urbanos con consecuencias en sus entornos.
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    El programa ciclorecreovia: efectos en la salud, la movilidad y la cohesión
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2019) Mora, Rodrigo; Greene, Margarita; Corado, Manfredo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Un buen ejemplo de cómo la ciudad puede jugar un rol importante de la adopción de modos de vida activos es el programa CicloRecreoVía, donde se cierran temporalmente ciertas calles de la ciudad los días domingos para que familias, amigos y personas solas hagan actividad física ya sea en bicicleta, trotando, patinando o simplemente caminando. Esta síntesis de investigación evalúa las actividades que realizan sus usuarios y el efecto que tiene en su salud, identificando el tipo de usuario de este programa
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    Estudio diagnóstico sobre conflictos y oportunidades para la creación de espacios urbanos sustentables en la Estación Intermodal Lo Ovalle, La Cisterna
    (Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, 2023) Ríos, Roxanna; Muñoz, Camila; Valenzuela, Rosario; Waintrub, Natan; Mora, Rodrigo; Vecchio, Giovanni; Álvarez, Martín; CEDEUS (Chile)
    El desarrollo urbano territorial de La Cisterna ha estado históricamente vinculado al desarrollo de los sistemas de transporte. Si bien en un inicio la comuna de La Cisterna fue parte de la periferia urbana de Santiago, hoy tiene una posición mediterránea y estratégica, conectando la comuna de Santiago centro con la zona sur de la ciudad por medio de su principal calle estructurante: Gran Avenida José Miguel Carrera. Tres grandes intervenciones de transporte urbanas, a partir de los años 60 y hasta inicios de la década pasada afianzan la vocación de subcentro económico e intermodal del paradero 18 de Gran Avenida, donde se encuentra la Estación Intermodal Lo Ovalle (Forray, Figueroa & Hidalgo, 2013): la consolidación de la Gran Avenida como un eje de relevancia metropolitana, la inauguración de línea 2 del Metro, y su posterior extensión hacia el intermodal La Cisterna.
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    How do we densify and socially integrate our cities? On the efficiency of urban property incentives in the vicinity of mass transit stations
    (2016) Greene Zuniga Margarita; Mora, Rodrigo; Waintrub Santibanez Natan; Figueroa Martinez Cristhian; Ortuzar Salas Juan De Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Stated choice methods were used to measure the effect of different types of incentives (direct and indirect subsidies, changes in building regulations and others) in the willingness to build denser and socially integrated residential projects by real estate firms in the vicinity of metro and bus rapid transit (BRT) stations. A sample of 52 professionals, from building companies and real estate firms, was asked to evaluate a series of urban scenarios under various incentive schemes; in each case they had to choose whether they would be willing to start a conventional residential project (i.e. for buyers belonging to the same socio-economic group) or a socially integrated one (i.e. mixing buyers from different groups). Results show that an aggregate level, only 16% of respondents would be interested in starting new residential projects at those locations. However, the availability of incentives could have a significant impact in the willingness to initiate higher density projects around the stations and also, but to a lesser degree, in the willingness to initiate socially mixed residential projects.
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    Introducción: Dinámicas Territoriales
    (Ediciones ARQ, 2023) Fuentes, Luis; Greene, Margarita; Mora, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Residential security spatial dimension: Movement flow and visual fields
    (2008) Greene Zuniga, Margarita; Mora, Rodrigo
    This article shortly analysis the residential habitat security main perspectives in our country. It is said that the dominant focus it has been, with an exaggerated emphasis on, defensive spatial appropriation above the need to build healthy integrated communities. Next, the alternative theoretical framework, developed by Bill Hillier's Space Syntax methodology and his colleagues (1984) more than thirty years ago in England, application. Then, after introducing some confi gurational analysis concepts; some conceptual and methodological aspects are proposed for this vision that could help on a more safe residential habitat design; the visual scope and legible to the weft ideas. Also, it examines this idea in a real case study, Quilicura Community, located in Santiago's periphery. The results show that the Spatial Syntax tools proposed allow the architect and urban planner to evaluate in advance the different alternatives of habitat design that can be essential to improve security perception in the residential space.
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    THE ARCHITECTURE OF DENSITY
    (UNIV DIEGO PORTALES, 2017) Mora, Rodrigo; Greene, Margarita; Figueroa, Cristhian; Rothmann, Carlos
    The need for more dense and vital cities has been promoted by academia since the 1960s and by international organizations since the 1980s. On the other hand, the last census showed that the district of Santiago started gaining population, a process not seen since 1970, while peri-central districts exhibit high real-estate dynamism. In spite of this, the densification of residential areas is increasingly resisted by traditional residents, for whom the high-rise tower, the typical way to densify cities in Chile, is a detriment in their quality of life.
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    The city oF NoN-care: Walking and Elder People During the Pandemic
    (2021) Herrmann-Lunecke, Marie Geraldine; Figueroa, Cristhian; Parra, Francisca; Mora, Rodrigo
    The pandemic forced the elderly to establish strict quarantines. But that measure of care prevented them from performing a daily self-care exercise: the urban walk. Based on this dilemma, the following research confirms how the city becomes hostile to the elderly, turning into an environment of “non-care.”.
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    The city oF NoN-care: Walking and Elder People During the Pandemic
    (Wiley, 2021) Herrmann-Lunecke, Marie Geraldine; Figueroa, Cristhian; Parra, Francisca; Mora, Rodrigo
    The pandemic forced the elderly to establish strict quarantines. But that measure of care prevented them from performing a daily self-care exercise: the urban walk. Based on this dilemma, the following research confirms how the city becomes hostile to the elderly, turning into an environment of “non-care.”.
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    The construction of three metropolises a geographic, productive and configurational process
    (2017) Figueroa Martinez, Cristhian; Mora, Rodrigo; Greene Zuniga, Margarita
    The explosive urban growth in developing countries has often resulted in social and territorial disparities, with zones well-provided with urban services, equipment and amenities for affluent groups and vast areas lacking infrastructure and services populated by the poor. This paper proposes that a configurational analysis of the urban process of metropolitan cities could shed light on the spatial mechanisms behind urban inequality. Specifically, we attempted to analyse (i) the historical urban tendencies related to changing economies and (ii) geographical constrains that determinate the suitable land for urban development. Three Chilean cities (Santiago, Valparaiso and Concepción) accommodate more than half of the national population. For each metropolitan area, a set of historical axial maps was drawn (1875, 1915, 1965 and 2015) that were analysed in relation to the geography and productive activities of the moment. With the global (HH) and local (r3) integrations, the main changes in the urban structures were identified, highlighting the migration of the centres and the characteristics of the most integrated/segregated areas. The trends of urban growth in the three cities evidence a process that starts with a geographic positioning of the city, very much in line with its economic vocation and viability, enhanced by a spatial configuration that potentiates both the geography and the economic potentials of the region. Nevertheless, when economic, social and cultural conditions vary the city adapts, centralities change and develop and in some cases the deep structure of the city changes. The configurational analysis allowed us to understand three very different cases which we believe can be compared and shed light in the development of other cities.
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    The Disabling City: Older Persons Walking in Central Neighbourhoods of Santiago de Chile
    (2022) Herrmann-Lunecke, Marie Geraldine; Figueroa, Cristhian; Parra Huerta, Francisca; Mora, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Walking reports numerous benefits for older persons, yet its practice can be hindered by the built environment. This article seeks to understand how and why certain elements of the built environment facilitate or impede the everyday trips older persons complete on foot. It reports the findings of a set of walking interviews conducted in four central neighbourhoods of Santiago de Chile, where forty older persons were invited to walk and talk about the trips they complete on foot and the aspects that facilitate or hinder them. The findings reveal that older persons are aware of the benefits of walking and travel regularly on foot despite the barriers they find in their neighbourhoods. The presence/absence of greenery, the conditions of the facades and the level of cleanliness of the streets affect older persons’ walking experience and can increase/diminish their willingness to walk. Damaged and poorly designed pedestrian infrastructure can cause fear, provoke accidents and become serious hazards. Older persons develop strategies to overcome these barriers, yet the data suggest that they see Santiago as a “disabling city” because it has obstacles that could be unsurmountable in a near future if an illness or an accident diminishes their abilities.
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    The role of bike sharing stations in the perception of public spaces: A stated preferences analysis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021) Hurtubia González, Ricardo; Mora, Rodrigo; Moreno, Felipe; CEDEUS (Chile)
    The pervasiveness of bike sharing schemes around the world has the potential to bring important benefits in terms of public health and reduction of congestion and emissions. However, there can be negative externalities associated to these systems, especially in terms of misuse and degradation of public spaces. This paper explores how the presence of different shared bicycle systems and their stations affect peoplés perceptions of public spaces and neighbourhoods. For this, a stated preferences experiment was created and applied in Santiago de Chile, depicting two main scenarios (downtown and residential) with various configurations of public bicycle stations (dock-based and dockless), along other cycling facilities on a street. Survey results were used to estimate a choice model, measuring the impact of the scenario attributes on the probability of being chosen as a preferred public space. Attitudes about bikesharing, the environment and mobility in general were also measured and used to estimate latent variables and their role in public space perception. Results show bike sharing stations are overall positively perceived in terms of their capacity to improve a neighbourhood's image, safety and accessibility, although this is more likely in compact urban contexts and for users of bikesharing. Disorganized (dockless) bicycles left on sidewalks are perceived negatively, although not enough to make individuals prefer a situation without public bicycles. The previous findings indicate that bike sharing schemes could have positive effects on the image of neighbourhoods by making them look more attractive and modern.
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    Using the five Ws to explore bikeshare equity in Santiago, Chile
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2021) Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio; Fuenzalida Izquierdo, Jorge; Sagaris, Lake; Mora, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Various studies show that bikeshare systems have positive implications for people's health, social cohesion, urban livability, and urban congestion, although many suggest bikeshare systems are not achieving equity goals, particularly regarding low-income people and women. To date, most of these studies come from cities in the Global North, the majority with well-managed governance structures and less inequality. Less is known about how well bikeshare systems work in the highly fragmented and unequal cities that characterize Latin America. Using both primary and secondary data, we analyzed equity through the five Ws of bikeshare in Santiago, Chile, exploring which population groups are using the system ('who'), travel purposes ('what') and time periods ('when'), from/to which locations ('where') and the reasons behind using this transport alternative ('why'). To do this, we used three main data sources: data from tracked trips of bikeshare cyclists (BSC) using the primary system in Santiago (Bike Santiago system run by Tembici), Santiago's Origin-Destination Survey data for own bike cyclists (OBC), and a survey of BSC. This article contributes to current knowledge about bikeshare and equity in a still underexplored Latin American context with limited bikeshare data, providing some conclusions regarding the adaptation of these systems to local contexts. In line with findings elsewhere, we found that the largest group of users consisted of educated men aged 25-45 from medium-to high-income neighborhoods, mainly using the system to travel to work. Santiago's fragmented governance has limited the placement of bikeshare systems in low-and middle-income communities and left them with few intermodal alternatives to relevant destinations. As a result, bikeshare mimics the existing inequity and economic concentration patterns that characterize Santiago's daily mobility. Based on these findings, we suggest key considerations and local adaptations that could improve, expand, and redistribute bikeshare facilities to attract currently excluded users.