Browsing by Author "Miranda, M."

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    Autoimmune thyroid disease in the puerperium. Predictive value of thyroid enlargement and related hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy
    (1990) Fardella B., Carlos; Lopez, J. M.; Valdés, M. E.; Nuñez, M.; Miranda, M.
    The incidence of goiter detected during pregnancy and its significance as an indicator of autoimmune thyroid disease after delivery was investigated in a sample of 707 pregnant women (81% in their 2ndtrimester of gestation). Goiter was detected in 106 subjects (15%). Blood T4, T3, TSH, free T4 index (FT4I), antimicrosomal antibodies (AMA) and urinary iodine excretion were measured in these women and in a control group of gravidas without goiter. These measurements were repeated at 1 and 3 months after delivery. Compared with controls during pregnancy, subjects with goiter had lower FT4I values (11.0 2.8 vs 9.0 1.8; p < 0.01) and higher TSH values (2.9 0.6 ?U/ml vs 4.2 2.1 ?U/ml; p < 0.01). In contrast, T4, T3, AMA and urinary iodine excretion values were similar in both groups. In subjects with goiter FT4I values increased over pregnancy levels at 1 month (11.2 2.0; p < 0.05) and 3 months (14.0 3.0; p < 0.05) after delivery; in 29% a biochemical hyperthyroidism (FT4I > 13.5) was detected. During the same period TSH values decreased significantly (1 month: 1.9 0.7 ?U/ml; p < 0.05; 3 months: 2.7 3.0 ?U/ml; p < 0.05). Frequency of positive AMA increased from 8.6% during pregnancy up to 32.1% in the post-delivery period (p < 0.01). In the control group no variation in the FT4I, TSH or AMA were observed after delivery. These results indicate that goiter during pregnancy is common in Chilean gravidas and that it has predictive value for the appearance of autoimmune thyroid disease after delivery.
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    Landscape Analysis of Adult Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Distribution and Dispersal Within Typical Agroecosystems Dominated by Apple Production in Central Chile
    (OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2010) Basoalto, E.; Miranda, M.; Knight, A. L.; Fuentes Contreras, E.
    We analyzed the spatial distribution and dispersal of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), adults within two heterogeneous agroecosystems typical of central Chile: commercial apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards surrounded by various unmanaged host plants. Both a geostatistical analysis of catches of adult males with a grid of sex pheromone-baited traps and an immunological self-marking technique combined with traps baited with a male and female attractant were used. The spatial analyses identified the key sources of moths within these diverse landscapes. Codling moth catches in traps were spatially associated within distances of approximate to 150-300 m. Similarly, the mean distance from the immunological self-marking plots within the commercial apple orchard to the traps that captured marked adults was 282 m. In contrast, the mean distance in the capture of marked moths from unmanaged self-marking plots to a commercial orchard was 828 m. These data suggest that the success of any future areawide management programs for codling moth in Chilean pome fruit must include a component for managing or removing noncommercial hosts that surround orchards. This analysis also suggests that the selection pressure for resistance imposed by insecticide sprays within managed orchards is likely dampened by the influx of susceptible moths from unmanaged sites common in central Chile.
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    Landscape composition modulates population genetic structure of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) on Malus domestica Borkh in central Chile
    (2009) Lavandero, B.; Miranda, M.; Ramirez, C. C.; Fuentes-Contreras, E.
    Landscape genetics have been particularly relevant when assessing the influence of landscape characteristics on the genetic variability and the identification of barriers to gene flow. Linking current practices of area-wide pest management information on pest population genetics and geographical barriers would increase the efficiency of these programs. The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), an important pest of apple orchards worldwide, was collected on apple trees (Mal us domestica Borkh) from different locations in a 400 km north-south transect trough central Chile. In order to determine if there was population structure, diversity and flow were assessed. A total of 215 individuals from these locations were analysed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Four ISSR primers generated a total of 114 polymorphic loci. The percentage of molecular variation among locations was 18%. As the algorithm used by STRUCTURE may be poorly suited for inferring the number of genetic clusters in a data set that has an IBD relationship, the number of genetic clusters in the samples was also analyzed using a Bayesian clustering method implemented in software BATS version 4.14. We inferred the presence of four genetic clusters in the study region. Clustering of individuals followed a pattern explained by some geographical barriers. Using partial Mantel tests, we detected barriers to gene flow other than distance, created by a combination of main rivers and mountains. Although landscape genetics are rarely used in pest management, our results suggest that these tools may be suitable for the design of area-wide pest management programs.
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    Life-threatening risk of using Kambo in alternative medicine
    (2020) Álamos Grau, María Florencia; Walker, R. H.; Miranda, M.
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    Myocardial Monophasic Action Potential Recorded by Suction Electrode for Ionic Current Studies in Zebrafish
    (2019) Miranda, M.; Egaña, José T.; Allende, M.L.; Eblen Zajjur, Antonio Alejandro