Browsing by Author "Mendez Layera, Maria Luisa"

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    Fragmentación ideológica de la elite en Chile
    (2022) Gayo, Modesto; Mendez Layera, Maria Luisa
    This article is titled “Ideological fragmentation of the elite in Chile”. It offers results of a research about the privilege in Chilean society, sociologically composed by entrepreneurs, managers and professionals. Based upon sociological and politological contributions, it studies political divides within the upper class and upper middle class. In order to do that, it uses a methodological approach which combines quantitative (multiple correspondence analysis) and qualitative (in-depth interviews) techniques, along with geographical tools (maps). It concludes that the Chilean elite is strongly divided regarding the views about the changes that challege the country, showing an internal fragmentation by age and above all political ideology.
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    Socialization into Politics: Parental Position-Taking and Value Formation in Children among Elite and Non-Elite Groups
    (Routledge, 2023) Gayo, Modesto; Mendez Layera, Maria Luisa
    In this chapter we trace individuals’ political subjectivities back to their social background and to the parenting they received as children. In seeking the roots of political socialisation, we raise the question of possible trajectories in the future. Political socialisation is not only about transmitting and sharing similar socio-political views; it also refers to a learning process of political embodiment through practices that are context-specific. In this chapter we also analyse data on intergenerational practices of political mobilisation and ideological positioning and participation. We combine these dimensions with the political orientations/subjectivities developed in previous chapters (Networked Pragmatism, Individualised, Communitarian Individualism). New historical circumstances, even those conceived as essential parts of globalised narratives concerning common trends, cannot be framed as simple causes of worldviews at stake today. As such, neoliberal subjectivities should be explained not only as a derivation of something that happens at the macro-level, but as a fragmented and diverse dynamic that has to do significantly with the emergence of socio-political views that grow in intimate connection with pre-existing ideologies and political practices that were part of a certain habitus or generally under-scrutinised perspective of social life rooted in the histories of families.
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    Tackling wealth accumulation in a context of social upheaval: the property tax in Chile
    (2023) Mendez Layera, Maria Luisa; Atria, Jorge; Contreras, Dante
    In this paper, we ask whether progressive reforms are possible inconditions of right-wing politics and elite opposition. We studythe scope of a tax reform in the context of wealth concentration,socio-spatial segregation, political conflict and the elite’santipathy toward taxation using spatial analysis and interviewswith wealthy taxpayers and key actors. Findings show that reformwas possible at a critical juncture where increased demands fromsocial movements and opposition parties for redistributionpushed the government to change the tax bill to signalcommitment to higher progressivity and equality despite the eliteopposition