Browsing by Author "Massuda, Raffael"

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    Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men
    (National Academy of Sciences, 2023) Zugman, Andrés; Alliende, Luz María; Medel Sierralta, Vicente Nicolás; Bethlehem, Richard A. I.; Seidlitz, Jakob; Ringlein, Grace; Arango, Celso; Arnatkeviciutė, Aurina; Asmal, Laila; Bellgrove, Mark; Benegal, Vivek; Bernardo, Miquel; Billeke, Pablo; Bosch-Bayard, Jorge; Bressan, Rodrigo; Busatto, Geraldo F.; Castro, Mariana N.; Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany; Compte, Albert; Costanzi, Monise; Czepielewski, Leticia; Dazzan, Paola; Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo de la; Forti, Marta di; Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M.; Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana María; Plessis, Stefan du; Duran, Fabio L. S.; Fittipaldi, Sol; Fornito, Alex; Freimer, Nelson B.; Gadelha, Ary; Gama, Clarissa S.; Garani, Ranjini; García-Rizo, Clemente; González Campo, Cecilia; González-Valderrama, Alfonso; Guinjoan, Salvador; Holla, Bharath; Ibáñez, Agustín; Jackowski, Andrea; Ivanovic, Daniza; León-Ortiz, Pablo; Lochner, Christine; López Jaramillo, Carlos; Luckhoff, Hilmar; Massuda, Raffael; McGuire, Philip; Miyata, Jun; Mizrahi, Romina; Murray, Robin; Ozerdem, Aysegul; Pan, Pedro M.; Parellada, Mara; Phahladira, Lebogan; Ramírez Mahaluf, Juan P.; Reckziegel, Ramiro; Marques Tiago Reis; Reyes-Madrigal, Francisco; Roos, Annerine; Rosa, Pedro; Salum, Giovanni; Scheffler, Freda; Schumann, Gunter; Serpa, Mauricio; Stein, Dan J.; Tepper, Angeles; Tiego, Jeggan; Ueno, Tsukasa; Undurraga, Juan; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Valdés-Sosa, Pedro; Valli, Isabel; Villarreal, Mirta; Winton-Brown, Toby T.; Yalin, Nefize; Zamorano, Francisco; Zanetti, Marcus V.; Veda, C.; Winkler, Anderson M.; Pine, Daniel S.; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Crossley Karmelic, Nicolas Andrés
    Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women’s worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women’s brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.
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    Effects of socioeconomic status in cognition of people with schizophrenia: Results from a Latin American collaboration network with 1175 subjects
    (2021) Sanguinetti Czepielewski, Letícia; Alliende Serra, Luz María; Castañeda, Carmen Paz; Castro, Mariana; Guinjoan, Salvador M.; Massuda, Raffael; Berberian, Arthur A.; Fonseca, Ana Olivia; González-Valderrama A.; Gadelha, Ary; Bressan, Rodrigo; Crivelaro, Marisa; Louzã, Mario; Undurraga, Juan; González-Valderrama, Alfonso; López-Jaramillo, Carlos; Nieto, Rodrigo R.; Montes, Cristián; Silva, Henán; Langer, Álvaro I.; Valencia-Echeverry, Johanna; López-Jaramillo, Carlos; Solís-Vivanco, Rodolfo; Reyes-Madrigal, Francisco; Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo de la; Crossley, Nicolás A.; Gama, Clarissa S.
    Background Cognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America comprises approximately 8% of the global population and faces unique challenges, many derived from specific demographic and socioeconomic variables, such as violence and inequality. While such factors have been described to influence mental health outcomes, no large-scale studies with Latin American population have been carried out. Therefore, we aim to describe the cognitive performance of a representative sample of Latin American individuals with schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical factors. Additionally, we aim to investigate how socioeconomic status (SES) relates to cognitive performance in patients and controls. Methods We included 1175 participants from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico): 864 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 unaffected subjects. All participants were part of projects that included cognitive evaluation with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and clinical assessments. Results Patients showed worse cognitive performance than controls across all domains. Age and diagnosis were independent predictors, indicating similar trajectories of cognitive aging for both patients and controls. The SES factors of education, parental education, and income were more related to cognition in patients than in controls. Cognition was also influenced by symptomatology. Conclusions Patients did not show evidence of accelerated cognitive aging; however, they were most impacted by a lower SES suggestive of deprived environment than controls. These findings highlight the vulnerability of cognitive capacity in individuals with psychosis in face of demographic and socioeconomic factors in low- and middle-income countries.