Browsing by Author "Martinez, Claudio"

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    Adolescence and Suicide: Subjective Construction of the Suicidal Process in Young Gay and Lesbian Chileans
    (2021) Tomicic, Alemka; Martinez, Claudio; Rosenbaum, Catalina; Aguayo, Francisco; Leyton, Fanny; Rodriguez, Juliana; Galvez, Constanza; Lagazzi, Iside
    The association between suicide risk and sexual minority status can be understood from the perspective of the social determinants of health, an approach that requires the development of culturally sensitive knowledge. The aim of this study was to characterize young gay and lesbian people's subjective construction of their experience of having lived and survived a suicidal process. Qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed as products based on life events. In the participants' accounts, we identified hostile contexts associated with suicide, trajectories associated with gay/lesbian identification processes, and milestones related to victimization experiences as part of the intentionality and rationality of suicide.
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    Discourse-voice regulatory strategies in the psychotherapeutic interaction : a state-space dynamics analysis
    (2015) Krause Jacob, Mariane; Tomicic S., Alemka; Martinez, Claudio; Perez, J. Carola; Hollenstein, Tom; Angulo, Salvador; Gerstmann, Adam; Barroux, Isabelle
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    Dynamic Patterns in the Voices of a Patient Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, and the Therapist throughout Long-Term Psychotherapy
    (2022) Mellado, Augusto; Martinez, Claudio; Tomicic, Alemka; Krause, Mariane
    This case study identified the subjective change in a patient diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) by analyzing the dynamic patterns that emerged during discursive interaction with her therapist during a successful long-term psychotherapy. A qualitative analysis was conducted by applying the Model of Analysis of Discursive Positioning in Psychotherapy (MAPP), tracking voices and the personal positions of the patient and therapist in all sessions. Subsequently, dynamic patterns were identified and the hypothetical attractors were defined (i.e., the most stable patterns in the interaction of voices) using the Space State Grid (SSG) technique. Five sessions (representing the initial, middle and final stages) were selected to describe the trajectory of the patient's subjective change. These sessions highlight the presence of different attractors and depict the intersubjective interaction that developed during the process. The results suggest a process of subjective transformation from a monological to a dialogical dimension, a change supported by therapeutic interaction based on propositional and reflective discursive aspects; a transition from a state of dissociation of the patient to a reorganization of her subjectivity. The most relevant characteristics of this process as an emergent quality of psychotherapy and its relation to the patient's positive outcomes are discussed.
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    Identification of Dynamic Patterns of Personal Positions in a Patient Diagnosed With Borderline Personality Disorder and the Therapist During Change Episodes of the Psychotherapy
    (2022) Mellado, Augusto; Martinez, Claudio; Tomicic, Alemka; Krause, Mariane
    Personal positions and voices of a patient diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and the therapist during long-term psychotherapy were studied aiming to find differences in the patterns formed in these aspects of subjectivity according to the level of elaboration of the change episodes achieved by the patient. This case study considered a stage of qualitative analysis where change episodes of the patient were traced through the Change Episodes Model. Later, through the Model of Analysis of Discursive Positioning in Psychotherapy (MAPP), the voices and personal positions of the patient and her therapist were identified in each of the change episodes. In the stage of quantitative analysis, dynamic patterns in the voices and personal positions were established, accounting for hypothetical attractors using the Space State Grid (SSG) technique in each of the three different levels of subjective elaboration that constitute the change episodes. The results established differentiated dynamic patterns in the change episodes, coherent with the patient's change process, and formation of propositive/reflective specific patterns as the patient evolved in the three different levels of subjective elaboration. The above suggests that a subjective transformation process is displayed, and this is manifested in the different voices and personal positions that emerged as the change episodes evolve. The identified dynamic patterns can be considered nonlinear and emergent subjective exchanges between the patient and the therapist throughout the psychotherapy.
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    Occurrence and Distribution of Silver in the World-Class Rio Blanco Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Central Chile
    (2020) Crespo, Jorge; Reich, Martin; Barra, Fernando; Jose Verdugo, Juan; Martinez, Claudio; Leisen, Mathieu; Romero, Rurik; Morata, Diego; Marquardt, Carlos
    Porphyry Cu-Mo deposits (PCDs) are the world's major source of Cu, Mo, and Re and are also a significant source of Au and Ag. Here we focus on the world-class Rio Blanco PCD in the Andes of central Chile, where Ag is a by-product of Cu mining. Statistical examination of an extensive multielemental inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry data set indicates compositional trends at the deposit scale, including Ag-Cu (r = 0.71) and Ag-In (r = 0.53) positive correlations, which relate to Cu-Fe sulfides and Cu sulfosalts in the deposit. Silver is primarily concentrated in Cu ores in the central core of the deposit, and significant variations in the Ag concentration are related to the different hydrothermal alteration types. The concentration of Ag is highest in the potassic core (avg 2.01 ppm) and decreases slightly in the gray-green sericite (phyllic) zone (avg 1.72 ppm); Ag is lowest in the outer propylitic alteration zone (avg 0.59 ppm). Drill core samples from major hydrothermal alteration zones were selected for in situ analysis of Ag and associated elements in sulfide and sulfosalt minerals. To ensure representativeness, sample selection considered the spatial distribution of the alteration types and ore paragenesis. Chalcopyrite is the most abundant Cu sulfide in Rio Blanco, with Ag concentration that ranges from sub-parts per million levels to hundreds of parts per million. The highest concentration of Ag in chalcopyrite is associated with the high-temperature potassic alteration stage. Bornite is less abundant than chalcopyrite but has the highest Ag concentration of all studied sulfides, ranging from hundreds of parts per million up to similar to 1,000 ppm. The Ag concentration in bornite is higher in lower-temperature alteration assemblages (moderate gray-green sericite), opposite to the behavior of Ag in chalcopyrite. Pyrite has the lowest Ag content, although concentrations of other critical elements such as Co, Ni, and Au may be significant. The highest Ag concentrations, i.e., thousands of parts per million up to weight percent levels, were detected in late-stage Cu sulfosalts (enargite, tennantite, and tetrahedrite). The Ag content in these sulfosalts increases with increasing Sb concentrations, from the Sb-poor enargite to the Sb-rich tetrahedrite. The earliest Ag mineralization event is related to the potassic alteration stage represented by early biotite and transitional early biotite-type veinlets and where the predominant sulfides are chalcopyrite and bornite. Silver mineralization during this stage was predominantly controlled by crystallization of Cu-Fe sulfides. The second Ag mineralization event at Rio Blanco is associated with the transitional Cu mineralization stage, which is represented by the gray-green sericite alteration (C-type veinlets). In this alteration type, Ag was partitioned preferentially into chalcopyrite, bornite, and to a lesser extent pyrite. The last Ag mineralization event is related to the late quartz-sericite alteration stage, characterized by D- and E-type veinlets with pyrite-chalcopyrite and enargite-tennantite-tetrahedrite. Our data indicate that Ag was associated with several Cu mineralization episodes at Rio Blanco, with Ag concentration apparently controlled by cooling, changes in pH, fo(2) and fs(2) of the hydrothermal fluids, and the intensity of alteration. Overall, our results provide information on critical metal partitioning between sulfides, plus the distribution of critical element resources at the deposit scale.
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    Resultados en psicoterapia individual de adultos desde la perspectiva de los Sistemas Dinámicos: una revisión sistemática
    (Sociedad Chilena de Psicologia Clinica, 2022) Mellado, Augusto; Tomicic, Alemka; Martinez, Claudio; Krause Jacob, Mariane
    © 2022, Sociedad Chilena de Psicologia Clinica. All rights reserved.There is a diverse body of research that utilizes notions of the dynamical systems (DS) perspective to describe change processes in psychotherapy, understanding it as a non-linear self-organized system that presents emergent processes and structural variations. A systematic review of research in individual psychotherapy with adult patients addressed from this perspective has been carried out. The review was carried out supported by the PRISMA methodology tracking the main concepts of the DS perspective applied to individual psychotherapy of adults (between 1997 and 2019), in English and Spanish, using the electronic databases PsycINFO and ProQuest. The final selection included 34 studies, both case studies and naturalistic studies, covering different process and outcome variables of psychotherapy. The results highlight how such concepts help to understand patients' change as a nonlinear process, emphasizing its self-organizing characteristics, transitions from states that generate psychological distress to healthier states, and the formation of emergent patterns at different stages of psychotherapy. Some related aspects (e.g. role of the alliance, and of clinical interventions) that can be considered in the therapeutic work are discussed.
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    Self-organisation in dialogical patterns of a patient with borderline personality disorder and their therapist: A case study from nonlinear dynamics perspective
    (2022) Mellado, Augusto; Guastello, Stephen J.; Martinez, Claudio; Tomicic, Alemka; Krause, Mariane
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify self-organised dynamics in sessions with dialogical patterns (i.e. reflective interactions of self-states associated with psychological change) within long-term psychotherapy. One of the hallmarks of self-organisation is the presence of an Inverse Power Law (IPL) in the frequency distribution of relevant events, which reflect better adaptation to internal and environmental changes, produced by psychotherapy.