Browsing by Author "Margozzini Maira, Paula Andrea"

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    Association between demographic, clinical characteristics and severe complications by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community-based healthcare network in Chile
    (2024) Leniz Martelli, Javiera; Hernández Jaña, Sam Steven; Soto Durán, Mauricio Javier; Soto, Mauricio; Arenas, Eduardo; Margozzini Maira, Paula Andrea; Suárez, Francisco; Capurro, Daniel; Rojas Villar, María Paulina; Bambs Sandoval, Claudia Elena
    Background Most of the evidence on risk factors for COVID-19 complications comes from North America or Europe with very little research from Latin-America. We aimed to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical factors and the risk of COVID-19 complications among adults in Chile, the fifth Latin-American country with more COVID-19 reported cases since de beginning of the Pandemic. Methods A retrospective population-based cohort study using data from electronic health records from a large Primary Care Network, linked to national hospital, immunization, Covid-19 PCR surveillance, mortality and birth records. We included people 18+ years old enrolled in the Primary Care Network between 1st January 2020 and 31st December 2021. Using Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, we evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical characteristics with three COVID-19 complications: (1) a hospital admission, (2) an ICU admission, and (3) death due to a COVID-19 infection that occurred between the 1st January 2020 and the 31st December 2021. Results 44,674 people were included. The mean age was 44.30 (sd 17.31), 55.6% were female, 15.9% had a type of healthcare insurance for people from the lowest category of income, 11.6% and 9.4% had a record of hypertension or diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Among the 44,674 people, 455 (1.02%) had a hospital admission due to a COVID-19 infection and 216(0.48%) of them also had an ICU admission. Among the 44,674 people,148(0.33%) died due to COVID-19 infection. Older age and male sex were consistently associated with a higher risk of the three COVID-19 complications. Hypertension and diabetes were associated with a higher risk of a hospital admission and death, but not with an ICU admissions due to COVID-19 infection. Having two or more COVID-19 vaccine doses compared with no doses was associated with a lower risk of any hospital admission (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.77–0.84), an ICU admission (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.57–0.63) and death (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.46–0.54). Pregnant or puerperal women were more likely to be admitted to hospital (HR 2.89; 95% CI 1.41–5.89) or ICU (HR 3.04; 95% CI 1.01–9.14). Conclusions Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 complications such as age, sex and pre-existing conditions were comparable to those reported in similar studies from higher-income countries, and can be used to predict severity in COVID-19 patients.
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    Cobertura del cribado endoscópico para cáncer gástrico en Chile según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
    (2025) Óscar Felipe, Corsi Sotelo; Eduardo, Fuentes López; Latorre Selvat, Gonzalo Ignacio; Espinoza Sepúlveda, Manuel Antonio; Margozzini Maira, Paula Andrea; Monrroy Bravo, Hugo Alfonso; Espino Espino, Alberto Antonio; Riquelme Pérez, Arnoldo Javier
    Introducción: El cáncer gástrico (CG) es la primera causa de muerte oncológica en Chile. Desde 2006 la autoridad sanitaria recomienda endoscopía digestiva alta (EDA) a la población sintomática ≥40 años. En 2010 se estimó una cobertura de EDA durante el último año en este grupo de 14%. Objetivo: Describir la cobertura de EDA para el cribado del CG en Chile a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-17. Materiales y métodos: La ENS 2016- 17 realizó 6.233 encuestas a adultos sobre la presencia de epigastralgia persistente, posible hemorragia digestiva alta y realización de EDA. Se compararon las prevalencias de EDA entre distintos grupos y se construyeron modelos multivariados ajustados por sexo, edad, ingresos, educación, área de residencia y pertenencia a un pueblo originario. Resultados: Tanto la epigastralgia persistente como una posible hemorragia digestiva alta fueron reportadas por el 4,7%, siendo mayores en el grupo ≥40 años y menor nivel educacional. La prevalencia de EDA realizada alguna vez en la vida alcanzó 20,8%, siendo mayor en mujeres, ≥40 años, seguros de salud privado y población hispana no perteneciente a pueblo originario. La cobertura de EDA de último año en el grupo sintomático ≥40 años aumentó a 19,8%, sin diferencias significativas en el análisis multivariado. Conclusión: La cobertura de EDA el último año en ≥40 años sintomáticos para el cribado del CG en Chile es de 19,8%. Se observa menor cobertura en el estrato socioeconómico bajo y pueblos originarios.
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    Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
    (Nature Portfolio, 2023) Berrios Carrasola, Ximena; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula Andrea; Miquel Poblete, Juan Francisco; Nervi Oddone, Flavio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo Sergio; Mishra, A.; Zhou, B.; Rodríguez-Martínez, A.; Bixby, H.; Singleton, R. K.; Carrillo-Larco, R. M.; Sheffer, K. E.; Paciorek, C. J.; Bennett, J. E.; Lhoste, V.; Lurilli, M. L.; Di Cesare, M.
    Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.