Browsing by Author "Manjarrés Madrid, Laura"

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    Sex differences in the relationship between body composition and MASLD progression in a murine model of metabolic syndrome
    (Elsevier Inc., 2025) Manjarrés Madrid, Laura; Xavier, Aline; Gonzalez Jara, Leticia Andrea; Garrido Ahumada, Camila Florencia; Zacconi Flavia, Cristina Milagro; Rivera K.; Parra L.; Phinikaridou A.; Besa Correa, Cecilia; Andía Kohnenkampf, Marcelo Edgardo
    Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression exhibits significant sex differences, with males generally developing more severe disease. This study used an endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS KO) murine model to investigate sex-specific MASLD progression under a Western diet intervention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessed body composition and liver and skeletal muscle fat fraction, revealing greater visceral fat, liver volume, and liver-to-muscle fat ratios in males. Dimensionality reduction and clustering analyses identified distinct sex-specific MASLD phenotypes and progression patterns. Histological evaluations confirmed greater liver damage in males, evidenced by higher MAFLD Activity Scores. These findings highlight the critical role of sex as a biological variable in MASLD pathology and emphasize the influence of body composition and fat distribution on disease progression. The study underscores the utility of advanced imaging and analytical techniques for refining non-invasive diagnostics and guiding sex-specific interventions, paving the way for personalized MASLD management strategies.
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    Sex differences in the relationship between body composition and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease progression in a murine model of metabolic syndrome
    (2025) Manjarrés Madrid, Laura; Andía Kohnenkampf, Marcelo Edgardo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Medicina
    La progresión de la esteatosis hepática asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD) varía significativamente entre sexos, y los hombres generalmente presentan una enfermedad más avanzada. Utilizando un modelo murino knock out de óxido nítrico sintasa (eNOS KO), analizamos las diferencias específicas de sexo en la progresión de MASLD durante una intervención de dieta occidental. Se empleó la resonancia magnética (MRI) 3T para evaluar la composición corporal y la fracción de grasa hepática, revelando mayor grasa visceral, volumen hepático y proporciones de grasa hepática a muscular en los hombres. La reducción de la dimensionalidad y los análisis de agrupamiento destacaron distintos fenotipos y patrones de progresión de MASLD específicos de sexo. Las evaluaciones histológicas confirmaron un mayor daño hepático en los hombres, como lo indican los puntajes de actividad MASLD más altos. Estos hallazgos demuestran la importancia del sexo como variable biológica en la patología MASLD, enfatizando el papel de la composición corporal y la distribución de la grasa en la progresión de la enfermedad. El estudio destaca el potencial de los métodos analíticos y de imágenes avanzados para refinar los diagnósticos no invasivos e informar las intervenciones específicas según el sexo para la MASLD, contribuyendo al desarrollo de estrategias de tratamiento personalizadas.Con esta tesis se está optando al magister en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud.
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    The Gut-Heart Axis: Molecular Perspectives and Implications for Myocardial Infarction
    (2024) Rivera Vega, Katherine Solange; Gonzalez, Leticia; Bravo Urquiza, Liena Martina; Manjarrés Madrid, Laura; Andía Kohnenkampf, Marcelo Edgardo
    Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death globally, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems and patients. The gut-heart axis, a bidirectional network connecting gut health to cardiovascular outcomes, has recently emerged as a critical factor in MI pathophysiology. Disruptions in this axis, including gut dysbiosis and compromised intestinal barrier integrity, lead to systemic inflammation driven by gut-derived metabolites like lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), both of which exacerbate MI progression. In contrast, metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from a balanced microbiota exhibit protective effects against cardiac damage. This review examines the molecular mediators of the gut-heart axis, considering the role of factors like sex-specific hormones, aging, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption on gut health and MI outcomes. Additionally, we highlight therapeutic approaches, including dietary interventions, personalized probiotics, and exercise regimens. Addressing the gut-heart axis holds promise for reducing MI risk and improving recovery, positioning it as a novel target in cardiovascular therapy.