Browsing by Author "Mangel, Jeffrey C."

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    Local disconnects in global discourses-The unintended consequences of marine mammal protection on small-scale fishers
    (2021) Davis, Katrina J.; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Arlidge, William N. S.; Burton, Michael; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Mills, Morena; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Palma-Duque, Jose; Romero-de-Diego, Cristina; Gelcich, Stefan
    Global commitments prioritize protection of wildlife and improvements to human wellbeing. Local disconnects in these commitments are rarely acknowledged-or their implications assessed-preventing the development of effective solutions. National and international efforts to protect marine mammals along South America's west coast have contributed to species recovery, but also to conflict between sea lions and small-scale fisheries. To understand the concerns ultimately motivating this conflict, we assessed how 301 coastal small-scale fishers perceive their interactions with South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens). We then reviewed the terrestrial human-wildlife literature to identify potential management solutions to resolve the conflict. We find that fishers are chiefly concerned with increases in sea lion populations, perceive that sea lion interactions have significantly increased over the past 80 years, and report sea lion-driven catch and income losses of >= 26%. We propose solutions to manage conflict that are sensitive to heterogeneity among fisher groups.
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    Phylogeography of the Marine Otter (Lontra felina): Historical and Contemporary Factors Determining Its Distribution
    (2010) Vianna, Juliana A.; Ayerdi, Paula; Medina-Vogel, Gonzalo; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Zeballos, Horacio; Apaza, Manuel; Faugeron, Sylvain
    The evolutionary history of a species can be revealed by phylogeographical analysis; nevertheless, not only historical but also contemporary processes can imprint on the distribution of genetic diversity. We report on the phylogeny of Lontra ssp. in South America, and the role of spatial heterogeneity in shaping the distribution and population structure of the endangered marine otter, Lontra felina. Analyzing a total of 2261 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed the recent divergence of L. felina from L. provocax. A strong population structure (Phi(st) = 0.83, P < 0.0001) and a significant pattern of isolation by distance were described for L. felina (n = 168) across a wide geographical distribution (13 degrees 53'S to 43 degrees 36'S). Lontra felina mtDNA phylogeny is composed of 2 main clades: a clade from Peru and another composed of Chilean haplotypes. Northern populations show different divergent lineages and higher genetic diversity when compared with more recently colonized southern populations. Furthermore, long sandy beaches seem to act as barriers to dispersal, creating 2 evolutionary significant units in agreement with subspecies previous description, and at least 5 different management units (MUs). At a fine spatial scale, the size of rocky seashore patches, the distance between patches and anthropogenic factors also play important roles in species gene flow.