Browsing by Author "Maldonado, Luis"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
    (2022) Breznau, Nate; Rinke, Eike Mark; Wuttke, Alexander; Nguyen, Hung H. V.; Adem, Muna; Adriaans, Jule; Alvarez-Benjumea, Amalia; Andersen, Henrik K.; Auer, Daniel; Azevedo, Flavio; Bahnsen, Oke; Balzer, Dave; Bauer, Gerrit; Bauer, Paul C.; Baumann, Markus; Baute, Sharon; Benoit, Verena; Bernauer, Julian; Berning, Carl; Berthold, Anna; Bethke, Felix S.; Biegert, Thomas; Blinzler, Katharina; Blumenberg, Johannes N.; Bobzien, Licia; Bohman, Andrea; Bol, Thijs; Bostic, Amie; Brzozowska, Zuzanna; Burgdorf, Katharina; Burger, Kaspar; Busch, Kathrin B.; Carlos-Castillo, Juan; Chan, Nathan; Christmann, Pablo; Connelly, Roxanne; Czymara, Christian S.; Damian, Elena; Ecker, Alejandro; Edelmann, Achim; Eger, Maureen A.; Ellerbrock, Simon; Forke, Anna; Forster, Andrea; Gaasendam, Chris; Gavras, Konstantin; Gayle, Vernon; Gessler, Theresa; Gnambs, Timo; Godefroidt, Amelie; Groemping, Max; Gross, Martin; Gruber, Stefan; Gummer, Tobias; Hadjar, Andreas; Heisig, Jan Paul; Hellmeier, Sebastian; Heyne, Stefanie; Hirsch, Magdalena; Hjerm, Mikael; Hochman, Oshrat; Hovermann, Andreas; Hunger, Sophia; Hunkler, Christian; Huth, Nora; Ignacz, Zsofia S.; Jacobs, Laura; Jacobsen, Jannes; Jaeger, Bastian; Jungkunz, Sebastian; Jungmann, Nils; Kauff, Mathias; Kleinert, Manuel; Klinger, Julia; Kolb, Jan-Philipp; Kolczynska, Marta; Kuk, John; Kunissen, Katharina; Sinatra, Dafina Kurti; Langenkamp, Alexander; Lersch, Philipp M.; Lobel, Lea-Maria; Lutscher, Philipp; Mader, Matthias; Madia, Joan E.; Malancu, Natalia; Maldonado, Luis; Marahrens, Helge; Martin, Nicole; Martinez, Paul; Mayerl, Jochen; Mayorga, Oscar J.; McManus, Patricia; McWagner, Kyle; Meeusen, Cecil; Meierrieks, Daniel; Mellon, Jonathan; Merhout, Friedolin; Merk, Samuel; Meyer, Daniel; Micheli, Leticia; Mijs, Jonathan; Moya, Cristobal; Neunhoeffer, Marcel; Nust, Daniel; Nygard, Olav; Ochsenfeld, Fabian; Otte, Gunnar; Pechenkina, Anna O.; Prosser, Christopher; Raes, Louis; Ralston, Kevin; Ramos, Miguel R.; Roets, Arne; Rogers, Jonathan; Ropers, Guido; Samuel, Robin; Sand, Gregor; Schachter, Ariela; Schaeffer, Merlin; Schieferdecker, David; Schlueter, Elmar; Schmidt, Regine; Schmidt, Katja M.; Schmidt-Catran, Alexander; Schmiedeberg, Claudia; Schneider, J. Urgen; Schoonvelde, Martijn; Schulte-Cloos, Julia; Schumann, Sandy; Schunck, Reinhard; Schupp, J. Urgen; Seuring, Julian; Silber, Henning; Sleegers, Willem; Sonntag, Nico; Staudt, Alexander; Steiber, Nadia; Steiner, Nils; Sternberg, Sebastian; Stiers, Dieter; Stojmenovska, Dragana; Storz, Nora; Striessnig, Erich; Stroppe, Anne-Kathrin; Teltemann, Janna; Tibajev, Andrey; Tung, Brian; Vagni, Giacomo; Van Assche, Jasper; van der Linden, Meta; van der Noll, Jolanda; Van Hootegem, Arno; Vogtenhuber, Stefan; Voicu, Bogdan; Wagemans, Fieke; Wehl, Nadja; Werner, Hannah; Wiernik, Brenton M.; Winter, Fabian; Wolf, Christof; Yamada, Yuki; Zhang, Nan; Ziller, Conrad; Zins, Stefan; Zoltak, Tomasz
    This study explores how researchers' analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers' expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each team's workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers' results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
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    STUDYING MERITOCRACY IN AN UNEQUAL CONTEXT: PERSPECTIVES FROM CHILEAN SCHOLARS
    (2019) Atria, Jorge; Carlos Castillo, Juan; Maldonado, Luis; Ramirez, Simon
    Although the idea of meritocracy is widely present in social research, few studies analyze and discuss this concept. This research note shows the results from a first stage of a wider research project on meritocracy and distributive preferences in Chile, which is based on 9 interviews with social science scholars whose research is related to these issues. Findings show that researchers refer to merit and meritocracy not only departing from different definitions but also giving them contentious social relevance. Furthermore, effort takes precedence over talent, a more developed dimension in international research. The results are discussed taking the Chilean socio-cultural context into account, characterized by rapid neoliberal modernization as well as high economic inequality.
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    Teacher's social desirability bias and Migrant students: A study on explicit and implicit prejudices with a list experiment
    (2024) Ayala, M. Constanza; Webb, Andrew; Maldonado, Luis; Canales, Andrea; Cascallar, Eduardo
    Scholarly research has consistently shown that teachers present negative assessments of and attitudes toward migrant students. However, previous studies have not clearly addressed the distinction between implicit and explicit prejudices, or identified their underlying sources. This study identifies the explicit and implicit prejudices held by elementary and middle school teachers regarding the learning abilities of an ethnic minority group: Haitian students within the Chilean educational system. We use a list experiment to assess how social desirability and intergroup attitudes toward minority students influence teachers' prejudices. The findings reveal that teachers harbor implicit prejudices towards Haitian students and are truthful in reporting their attitudes, thereby contradicting the desirability bias hypothesis. We suggest that teachers rely on stereotypes associated with the students' nationality when assessing Haitian students' learning abilities. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to theories grounded in stereotypes and intergroup attitudes.
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    Willingness to pay for improving water supply continuity in case of climatic extreme natural events: an empirical approach for Chile
    (2023) Maldonado, Luis; Molinos-Senante, Maria; Quiero-Bastias, Maximo; Atal, Gabriela
    In this study, a single-bounded dichotomous contingent valuation design was employed to examine customers' willingness to pay (WTP) for a water company's initiatives to increase the drinking water service's autonomy during extreme climatic events in the Metropolitan Region of Chile in 2020. Considering that this country is a paradigmatic case of almost full access to drinking water service in urban areas, this research is one of the first attempts to measure customers' WTP for initiatives to increase the drinking water service's autonomy when natural extreme events occur. Findings indicate an average WTP of CLP 1,371 (USD 1.81), equivalent to 16.72% of the average water bills per month. We also found significant differences in WTP among water suppliers. Although most sociodemographic predictors are not relevant, the results regarding WTP determinants also suggest that political attitudes are especially important, revealing polarized preferences about water suppliers in need of climate change adaptation.