Browsing by Author "Lorenzoni Santos, José Guillermo"

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    Association between GIP levels after glucose load and HMW adiponectin in normoglycemic women
    (2025) Salvatierra Matzner, Isidora; Parada, Javier; Cataldo Bascuñan, Luis Rodrigo; Galgani Fuentes, José; Alberti, Gigliola; Labayen, Idoia; Lorenzoni Santos, José Guillermo
    Background/Objectives: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted by enteroendocrine K cells in response to nutrient ingestion. The aims of this study are: 1) to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between plasma GIP change in response to an oral glucose challenge (as a surrogate of GIP secretion) with obesity-related anthropometric measurements, fasting inflammatory biomarkers, and fasting circulating adipokines. 2) to evaluate the feasibility of using postprandial plasma GIP as a biomarker of adiposity-related phenotypes in response to starchbased meals. Methods: Fifty normoglycemic women without obesity (19-32 years) were evaluated with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A feasibility study was conducted in a subset of eight women to estimate responses to starch-based meals (25 g of starch). Postprandial glycemic-related changes in plasma hormones/metabolites were assessed, as well as circulating adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers in fasting conditions. Results: The Incremental-GIP change after 2-hour OGTT was significantly associated with waist circumference (rho=0.34; P=0.02), fasting plasma TNFα (rho=0.54; P=0.0002), and white blood cell count (rho=0.39; P=0.008), but not with MCP-1, total adiponectin, leptin, or the free leptin index. A strong inverse association was found between incremental-GIP change and fasting plasma High-Molecular-Weight (HMW) Adiponectin (rho = -0.50; P = 0.0004), which remained significant after adjusting for age and body mass index. Conclusion: An inverse association was found between postprandial GIP levels and circulating HMW-adiponectin levels in humans. This research highlights the suitability of using postprandial plasma GIP as a biomarker for metabolic disturbances of increased adiposity, even in the absence of obesity.
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    Correction to: Novel loci and mapuche genetic ancestry are associated with pubertal growth traits in Chilean boys (Human Genetics, (2021), 10.1007/s00439-021-02290-3)
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Vicuña, Lucas; Norambuena, Tomás; Miranda, José Patricio; Eyheramendy, Susana; Pereira, Ana; Mericq, Verónica; Ongaro, Linda; Montinaro, Francesco; Lorenzoni Santos, José Guillermo
    © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Several typos were introduced in the original article and they have been corrected. The original article has been revised.
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    New insights from GWAS on BMI-related growth traits in a longitudinal cohort of admixed children with Native American and European ancestry
    (CELL PRESS, 2023) Vicuña, Lucas; Barrientos, Esteban; Norambuena, Tomás; Alvares, Danilo; Gana Ansaldo, Juan Cristóbal; Leiva Yamaguchi, Valeria; Meza, Cristian; Lorenzoni Santos, José Guillermo; Mericq, Verónica; Pereira, Ana; Eyheramendy, Susana
    Body-mass index (BMI) is a hallmark of adiposity. In contrast with adulthood, the genetic architecture of BMI during childhood is poorly understood. The few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on children have been performed almost exclusively in Europeans and at single ages. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal GWAS for BMI-related traits on 904 admixed children with mostly Mapuche Native American and European ancestries. We found regulatory variants of the immune gene HLA-DQB3 strongly associated with BMI at 1.5 - 2.5 years old. A variant in the sex-determining gene DMRT1 was associated with the age at adiposity rebound (Age-AR) in girls (P = 9.8 x 10(-9)). BMI was significantly higher in Mapuche than in Europeans between 5.5 and 16.5 years old. Finally, Age-AR was significantly lower (P = 0.004) by 1.94 years and BMI at AR was significantly higher (P = 0.04) by 1.2 kg/m(2), in Mapuche children compared with Europeans.
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    Resección de lesiones cerebrales con asistencia de mapeo cortical intraoperatorio
    (2010) Mery Muñoz, Francisco Javier; Zárate Azócar, Adrián; Fadic Ruiz, Ricardo Julio Nicolás; Lorenzoni Santos, José Guillermo; Elgueta Le-Beuffe, María Francisca; Villanueva Garín, Pablo Rodrigo; Rojas Valdivia, Ricardo; Tagle Madrid, Patricio
    Introducción: Se ha demostrado que la resección extensa de tumores intracraneanos intra-axiales malignos mejora la sobrevida. Esto no siempre es posible dada la eventual ubicación de estos tumores en o cercanos a áreas elocuentes, como corteza motora primaria o de lenguaje. En estas circunstancias, el desafío es evitar secuelas neurológicas. Uno de los métodos para disminuir dicho riesgo es el mapeo cortical intraoperatorio (MCI). El presente trabajo describe la técnica de mapeo cortical intraoperatorio de áreas elocuentes, al igual que su factibilidad y complementariedad con otras técnicas de localización tumoral. Método: Se analizan 7pacientes operados, portadores de lesiones cercanas a áreas elocuentes. Se utilizó neuronavegación y MCI (estimulación directa de corteza y registro de potenciales evocados somatosensoriales). Se analizó la localización, tamaño y tipo de la lesión, grado de resección y estado neurológico pre y postoperatorio. Resultados: En todos los pacientes el MCI fue efectivo en localizar corteza motora primaria. Hubo 6 pacientes en los que se pudo resecar el área tumoral no asociada a funcionalidad, logrando en 5 de ellos resección completa o superior al 90%. En un paciente la lesión correspondió a una malformación arteriovenosa profunda ubicada en corteza motora primaria en que el MCI permitió una vía de abordaje por corteza no elocuente para su resección completa. No hubo déficit neurológico agregado postoperatorio con seguimiento de 12 meses. Conclusión: El MCI es útil y localiza en forma efectiva, simple y reproducible áreas de corteza funcional, haciendo posible realizar resecciones extensas de tumores en áreas elocuentes. Esta técnica es complementaria a otros métodos de ubicación anatómica y fisiológica pudiendo contribuir a una cirugía más segura y efectiva.