Browsing by Author "Lobato, Roberto M."

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Adaptation and validation into Spanish of the Workplace Dignity Scale
    (2021) Sainz, Mario; Lobato, Roberto M.; Porras-Caballero, Frida
    Introduction and objective: Workers contend with many threats while performing their daily routine that could undermine their dignity, such as denigrating comments from supervisors or co-workers. Denying workers' dignity constitutes a direct threat towards their well-being. The aim of this paper is to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Workplace Dignity Scale (WDS). Method: An instrumental design was executed in order to adapt the scale to Spanish with a Mexican population (N = 588). Following back-translation, three studies were conducted in which confirmatory factor analysis, correlations, regressions, and invariance analysis were applied. Results: The results showed that the Spanish adaptation conforms to the six-factor structure of the original scale and that organisational dehumanisation and workers' self-objectification predicted dignity at work; with workers' self-objectification being the variable that most strongly predicted workers' dignity. Finally, we also evaluated measurement invariance comparing our data with the results of the original scale. In general, results indicated that even when the Spanish version of the WDS presented an adequate factor structure, its measurement presented different factor loadings and slopes compared with the measurement of the original scale. Conclusions: In general, we have an instrument adapted to the Mexican context that allows us to evaluate workers' sense of dignity in the workplace. (C) 2021 Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz.
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    Attitudes towards terrorist rehabilitation programs: psychological mediating and moderating mechanisms
    (2022) Lobato, Roberto M.; Rodriguez-Lopez, Alvaro; Garcia-Coll, Josep; Moyano, Manuel; Sainz, Mario
    Rehabilitation programs for terrorists have gained notoriety. Some issues still require thorough investigation, such as the social support they receive. The present research aims to examine the attitudes towards rehabilitation programs for terrorist offenders and the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying these attitudes. To this end, two studies were conducted: the first study evaluated the mediating mechanisms (negative feelings and threats; N = 407) and the second study analyzed the moderating mechanisms (social dominance orientation, system justification, and political orientation; N = 444). In both cases, the type of offender was manipulated (criminal vs. nationalist terrorist vs. Islamist terrorist offenders) and different attitudes were assessed (general support, incapacitation, treatment effectiveness, and mandated treatment). The results showed less support for rehabilitation programs for Islamist terrorists than for other offenders. Moreover, Islamist terrorists pose a more significant terrorist threat while criminals pose a greater realistic threat, which led to less favorable attitudes towards rehabilitation programs. Finally, individuals with more conservative ideologies had stronger negative attitudes towards programs for Islamist terrorists. We discuss these findings within the framework of integrated threat and system justification theories.
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    Collective Rituals in Times of the COVID-19 Quarantine: The Relationship between Collective Applause and Identity Fusion
    (2021) Lobato, Roberto M.; Sainz, Mario
    Several initiatives are arising to counterbalance the consequences of psychical distance, motivated by COVID-19, by reinforcing social ties. In this project, we focus on analyzing the relationships between participating in collective applause (i.e., a collective ritual), reinforcement of collective/relational ties, identity fusion, and compliance with quarantine norms. We carried out a study during the COVID-19 quarantine (N = 568) with people who were legally obliged to stay home. Our results indicate that participating in collective rituals relates to collective and relational ties with in-group members. This, in turn, is associated with the strength of identity fusion and the perception that other in-group members comply with quarantine norms. Thus, under the influence of a common fate that invariably threatens the lives of a large part of the population, participating in collective rituals positively relates to an increase in the sense of belonging and common identity.
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    Hostile classism and admiration: antecedents of the perceived humanity of low- and high-socioeconomic-status groups
    (2024) Sainz, Mario; Jimenez-Moya, Gloria; Lobato, Roberto M.
    Previous research shows that animalistically dehumanizing low-socioeconomic-status (SES) groups, compared to high, favours maintaining socioeconomic differences. Less is known about the variables that trigger the (de)humanization of these groups. We rely on previous literature about the causes of dehumanization to perform an extended analysis of the variables that potentially predict the attribution of humanity to these groups. In a large study (N = 765), we included several steps using hierarchical regression analysis to identify the contribution of each psychosocial process. Results highlight that low-SES (de)humanization was predicted by unrest and security towards the poor along with social dominance and hostile classic attitudes, while high-SES (de)humanization was predicted by individuals' sex, admiration and (lack of) shame towards the rich. This double path of ascribing humanity to groups based on their status is discussed and practical interventions to narrow the perceived humanity gap between low and high SES are highlighted.
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    How do people understand the causes of poverty and wealth? A revised structural dimensionality of the attributions about poverty and wealth scales
    (2023) Sainz, Mario; Diego Garcia-Castro, Juan; Jimenez-Moya, Gloria; Lobato, Roberto M.
    The attributional process, defined as the process of inferring the causes of the events that surround individuals in their daily lives, can potentially shape the understanding of poverty and wealth. For instance, it might influence how people behave, what they expect from poor and wealthy groups in their society, and how they judge them. However, the existing measures that capture these attributional phenomena have several limitations. Some attributional factors lack empirical support, or some implemented items lack relevance in contemporary society. Therefore, the present study is aimed to deepen the understanding of the attributional process by reviewing the factor structure of the poverty (Cozzarelli et al, 2001) and wealth attribution scales (Bullock et al, 2003), as well as adapting and verifying the validity of these scales among the Mexican population. To do so, we revised the factor structure of the poverty and wealth attribution scales to create a unified scale. We back-translated the original items, conducted exploratory and confirmatory analyses, restructured the scale's factors, and related them with other covariates. Our results indicate that these scales uniquely differentiate between internal and external attributions, demonstrating that the new factor structure is better for measuring attributional processes regarding the perceived causes of poverty and wealth than those used in previous research.
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    Spanish adaptation of the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI)
    (2021) Sainz, Mario; Lobato, Roberto M.; Jimenez-Moya, Gloria
    Introduction: Hostile and benevolent classism influence the derogation of poor people and groups, with negative consequences. The present study aims to adapt and validate the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI) to obtain an adequate tool for expanding research on this topic among the Spanish-speaking population. Method: Toward this end, the researchers back-translated the ACI version originally developed for English speakers. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses verify the ACI's reliability and factor structure with a sample of Mexican participants. Results: The results demonstrated that the adapted scale's psychometric properties are acceptable. Its original and factor structure are similar to those of the original scale: hostile classism (12 items), protective paternalism (4 items), and complementary class differentiation (4 items). Furthermore, the study tests the convergent and divergent validity of the scale acute accent s sub-dimensions concerning other ideological and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion: The proposed ACI adaptation should contribute to understanding attitudes toward the poor as well as their consequences among Spanish speakers. (c) 2021 Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).