Browsing by Author "Lima, Marcos"

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    Potential copper production through 2035 in Chile
    (2020) Lagos, Gustavo; Peters, David; Lima, Marcos; Jara, Jose Joaquin
    In the long term, primary and secondary supply of refined copper satisfies demand. Numerous models exist to explain and predict demand and secondary supply; however, the projection of primary supply relies mostly on detailed knowledge of potential mining projects and on existing ore reserves and resources. Much discussion has occurred historically regarding the availability of resources and reserves for the future. Chile, being the largest copper producer, also has the largest reserves in the world; therefore, it retains its potential to be a key player in future supply. This article explores some of the most relevant resource and technological challenges that may emerge with an accelerated development of brownfield and greenfield copper mining projects in Chile through 2035, without considering economic, regulatory, and environmental constraints. A "Full Scenario" was created to accommodate these conditions and restrictions. It includes estimates of future ore reserves, copper production, plant capacity, ore grades, energy and water consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and generation of tailings. Maximum production would exceed 10 million tons of contained copper from 2027 to 2030, with a resulting decrease of ore grades and the growth of energy and water consumption. The growth of indirect GHG emissions through 2035 is estimated at 18.4% less than copper production growth, because all new electric energy for this scenario would be based on renewable energy. Also, all new water used by 38 out of the 42 mining projects considered would be seawater, and some of the continental water used in 2019 would cease to be used in mining.
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    The boom in mineral markets: How long might it last?
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2008) Radetzki, Marian; Eggert, Roderick G.; Lagos, Gustavo; Lima, Marcos; Tilton, John E.
    The commodity price boom that emerged in 2004 has proved far more persevering than its predecessors of 1950 and 1973. Some analysts have suggested that it may represent the start of a "supercycle" caused by the voracious raw materials demand from China and other emerging economies, with prices remaining high for 20-30 years. We offer an alternative explanation. For a variety of reasons, the establishment of new capacity in minerals and energy to match the accelerated demand trends is more time consuming than commonly assumed, and may take a decade or longer. As soon as the new capacity is in place, however, the boom will be punctuated. Prices may collapse much earlier in the event of a severe recession that cuts the growth in commodity demand. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    The LABOCA/ACT survey of clusters at all redshifts: multiwavelength analysis of background submillimeter galaxies
    (2018) Aguirre Aparicio, Paula; Lindner, Robert R.; Baker, Andrew J.; Bond, J. Richard; Dunner Planella, Rolando; Galaz, Gaspar; Gallardo, Patricio; Hilton, Matt; Hughes, John P.; Infante Lira, Leopoldo; Lima, Marcos; Menten, Karl M.; Sievers, Jonathan; Weiss, Axel; Wollack, Edward J.; Aguirre Aparicio, Paula; Lindner, Robert R.; Baker, Andrew J.; Bond, J. Richard; Dunner Planella, Rolando; Galaz, Gaspar; Gallardo, Patricio; Hilton, Matt; Hughes, John P.; Infante Lira, Leopoldo; Lima, Marcos; Menten, Karl M.; Sievers, Jonathan; Weiss, Axel; Wollack, Edward J.