Browsing by Author "Lema F., Guillermo"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    AKI - biomarkers - neonatal cardiac surgery. No answer yet
    (2018) Borchert Billik, Evelyn; Lema F., Guillermo
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    Exámenes preoperatorios de rutina en cirugía electiva: ¿cuál es la evidencia?
    (2014) Nazar Jara, Claudio; Bastidas E., Javier; Lema F., Guillermo
    Any patient, who is undergoing a surgical or invasive procedure, requiring anesthesia or sedation, needs a preoperative evaluation. This is essential in any type of surgical procedure. Most of the times, clinical evaluation is sufficient to establish perioperative as well as patient's risk factors. Some of them may be modified during the period close to the intervention, without supplementary testing or consultation to others specialists. Currently, the tendency of specialists is request "routine preoperative testing" sometimes without a previous analysis of the clinical history and physical examination. It has been shown that a healthy young patient, undergoing elective surgery, does not need any test before surgery. Preoperative tests increases health costs and don't significantly change perioperative patient's morbidity and mortality. Tests such as chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, hematocrit/hemoglobin, coagulation test, platelet count, blood glucose and pregnancy tests have precise indications and should not routinely be requested to all the surgical population
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    Paciente adulto mayor y cirugía no cardíaca: ¿Qué debemos saber?
    (2015) Nazar Jara, Claudio; Zamora Helo, Maximiliano; Fuentes Henríquez, Ricardo Sergio; Lema F., Guillermo
    Los procedimientos quirúrgicos en pacientes adultos mayores son cada vez más frecuentes. Se caracterizan por tener mayor morbimortalidad que los realizados en pacientes más jóvenes, por lo que es esencial una apropiada evaluación preoperatoria, una acuciosa monitorización intraoperatoria y un adecuado manejo del período postoperatorio. La edad conlleva una serie de cambios fisiológicos y una mayor incidencia de enfermedades crónicas, que en conjunto determinan una disminución de las reservas fisiológicas y la capacidad funcional. En la evaluación preoperatoria son importantes una valoración exhaustiva de las comorbilidades y fármacos de uso habitual, la posible "fragilidad" de estos pacientes ante el proceso quirúrgico y su riesgo de desarrollar déficit cognitivo postoperatorio. El tipo de cirugía y su grado de urgencia, las condiciones actuales del paciente, y las características del centro asistencial son los principales factores a considerar al momento de elegir el tipo de anestesia. Problema frecuente del período postoperatorio es el desarrollo de delirium y deterioro cognitivo, donde los esfuerzos deben dirigirse a su prevención, más que al tratamiento, ya que aumentan considerablemente la morbilidad perioperatoria.
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    Results of the surgical management of abdominal aortic eurysms in 80 patients over 80 years of age
    (2003) Valdés E., Francisco; Bergoeing Reid, Michel Paul; Kramer, Albrecht; Mertens Martin, Renato; Canessa, Roberto; Lema F., Guillermo; Garayar Pulgar, Bernardita; Urzua Urzua, Jorge
    Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) may be lethal unless appropriately and timely treated. Since age is a surgical risk, octogenarians are usually not considered as candidates for surgical intervention. Aim: To asses surgical complications and mortality in octogenarians treated for AAA. Subjects and Methods: Patients aged 80 years older, treated consecutively between 1984-2001 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Sixty one patients were male, and their age ranged from 80 to 95 years. All were treated with open surgery. The operation was elective in 58 and as an emergency in 22 patients (symptomatic or ruptured AAA). Aortic diameter was 6.8+/-1.4 cm in asymptomatic patients and 7.7+/-1.8 cm in emergency cases (p=0.024). Thirty days postoperative mortality was 5.1% in elective surgery compared to 40.6% in emergency operations (p < 0.01). Five years survival rate was 44.7% in asymptomatic patients compared to 10.4% in the emergency cases (p < 0.023). Conclusions: Elective surgery for asymptomatic AAA can be performed with low operative mortality in octogenarians. However, surgery in emergency cases has an 8 fold increase in risk. Accordingly, octogenarian patients should be considered for elective AAA repair in a selective basis.
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    Should we monitor with bispectral index in all patients at high risk for seizures in the operating room?
    (2013) Elgueta Le-Beuffe, María Francisca; Vega Vega, Paula; Lema F., Guillermo; Clede, L.
    We report the case of a patient with a cerebral aneurysm, located in the left middle cerebral artery. During the clipping of this aneurysm, the bispectral index (BIS) increased for no apparent reason. This was then interpreted as intraoperative non-convulsive status epilepticus. This clinical condition may have negative impact in the prognosis of the patient, so it is very important to be able to detect this conditions as early as possible. Measuring the BIS while the patient is anaesthetised could be useful in this situation, considering that an increase in values greater than 60, associated with acidosis and without any other peri-anaesthetic explanation, may provide evidence of a convulsive equivalent state, allowing appropriate action to be taken.