Browsing by Author "Kristjansson, Elizabeth"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Equity issues rarely addressed in the development of COVID-19 formal recommendations and good practice statements: a cross-sectional study
    (2023) Dewidar, Omar; Bondok, Mostafa; Abdelrazeq, Leenah; Aliyeva, Khadija; Solo, Karla; Welch, Vivian; Brignardello-Petersen, Romina; Mathew, Joseph L.; Hazlewood, Glen; Pottie, Kevin; Hartling, Lisa; Khalifa, Dina Sami; Duda, Stephanie; Falavigna, Maicon; Khabsa, Joanne; Lotfi, Tamara; Petkovic, Jennifer; Elliot, Sarah; Chi, Yuan; Parker, Roses; Kristjansson, Elizabeth; Riddle, Alison; Darzi, Andrea J.; Magwood, Olivia; Saad, Ammar; Radav, Gabriel; Neumann, Ignacio; Loeb, Mark; Reveiz, Ludovic; Mertz, Dominik; Piggott, Thomas; Turgeon, Alexis F.; Schunemann, Holger; Tugwell, Peter
    Background and Objective: To identify COVID-19 actionable statements (e.g., recommendations) focused on specific disadvantaged populations in the living map of COVID-19 recommendations (eCOVIDRecMap) and describe how health equity was assessed in the development of the formal recommendations. Methods: We employed the place of residence, race or ethnicity or culture, occupation, gender or sex, religion, education, socio-economic status, and social capital-Plus framework to identify statements focused on specific disadvantaged populations. We assessed health equity considerations in the evidence to decision frameworks (EtD) of formal recommendations for certainty of evidence and impact on health equity criteria according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations criteria.Results: We identified 16% (124/758) formal recommendations and 24% (186/819) good practice statements (GPS) that were focused on specific disadvantaged populations. Formal recommendations (40%, 50/124) and GPS (25%, 47/186) most frequently focused on children. Seventy-six percent (94/124) of the recommendations were accompanied with EtDs. Over half (55%, 52/94) of those considered indirectness of the evidence for disadvantaged populations. Considerations in impact on health equity criterion most frequently involved implementation of the recommendation for disadvantaged populations (17%, 16/94). Conclusion: Equity issues were rarely explicitly considered in the development COVID-19 formal recommendations focused on specific disadvantaged populations. Guidance is needed to support the consideration of health equity in guideline development during health emergencies.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Health equity: evidence synthesis and knowledge translation methods
    (2013) Pantoja Calderón, Tomás; Welch, Vivian A.; Petticrew, Mark; O’Neill, Jennifer; Waters, Elizabeth; Armstrong, Rebecca; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Francis, Damian; Koehlmoos, Tracey P.; Kristjansson, Elizabeth
    Abstract Background At the Rio Summit in 2011 on Social Determinants of Health, the global community recognized a pressing need to take action on reducing health inequities. This requires an improved evidence base on the effects of national and international policies on health inequities. Although systematic reviews are recognized as an important source for evidence-informed policy, they have been criticized for failing to assess effects on health equity. Methods This article summarizes guidance on both conducting systematic reviews with a focus on health equity and on methods to translate their findings to different audiences. This guidance was developed based on a series of methodology meetings, previous guidance, a recently developed reporting guideline for equity-focused systematic reviews (PRISMA-Equity 2012) and a systematic review of methods to assess health equity in systematic reviews. Results We make ten recommendations for conducting equity-focused systematic reviews; and five considerations for knowledge translation. Illustrative examples of equity-focused reviews are provided where these methods have been used. Conclusions Implementation of the recommendations in this article is one step toward monitoring the impact of national and international policies and programs on health equity, as recommended by the 2011 World Conference on Social Determinants of Health.Abstract Background At the Rio Summit in 2011 on Social Determinants of Health, the global community recognized a pressing need to take action on reducing health inequities. This requires an improved evidence base on the effects of national and international policies on health inequities. Although systematic reviews are recognized as an important source for evidence-informed policy, they have been criticized for failing to assess effects on health equity. Methods This article summarizes guidance on both conducting systematic reviews with a focus on health equity and on methods to translate their findings to different audiences. This guidance was developed based on a series of methodology meetings, previous guidance, a recently developed reporting guideline for equity-focused systematic reviews (PRISMA-Equity 2012) and a systematic review of methods to assess health equity in systematic reviews. Results We make ten recommendations for conducting equity-focused systematic reviews; and five considerations for knowledge translation. Illustrative examples of equity-focused reviews are provided where these methods have been used. Conclusions Implementation of the recommendations in this article is one step toward monitoring the impact of national and international policies and programs on health equity, as recommended by the 2011 World Conference on Social Determinants of Health.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    How health equity is reported and analyzed in randomized trials
    (2017) Petkovic, Jennifer; Welch, Vivian; Jull, Janet; Petticrew, Mark; Kristjansson, Elizabeth; Rader, Tamara; Yoganathan, Manosila; McGowan, Jessie; Lyddiatt, Anne; Pantoja Calderón, Tomás
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Improving Social Justice in COVID-19 Health Research: Interim Guidelines for Reporting Health Equity in Observational Studies
    (2021) Antequera, Alba; Lawson, Daeria O.; Noorduyn, Stephen G.; Dewidar, Omar; Avey, Marc; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Chamberlain, Catherine; Ellingwood, Holly; Francis, Damian; Funnell, Sarah; Ghogomu, Elizabeth; Greer-Smith, Regina; Horsley, Tanya; Juando-Prats, Clara; Jull, Janet; Kristjansson, Elizabeth; Little, Julian; Nicholls, Stuart G.; Nkangu, Miriam; Petticrew, Mark; Rada, Gabriel; Rizvi, Anita; Shamseer, Larissa; Sharp, Melissa K.; Tufte, Janice; Tugwell, Peter; Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca; Wang, Harry; Wang, Xiaoqin; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Welch, Vivian
    The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the global imperative to address health inequities. Observational studies are a valuable source of evidence for real-world effects and impacts of implementing COVID-19 policies on the redistribution of inequities. We assembled a diverse global multi-disciplinary team to develop interim guidance for improving transparency in reporting health equity in COVID-19 observational studies. We identified 14 areas in the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist that need additional detail to encourage transparent reporting of health equity. We searched for examples of COVID-19 observational studies that analysed and reported health equity analysis across one or more social determinants of health. We engaged with Indigenous stakeholders and others groups experiencing health inequities to co-produce this guidance and to bring an intersectional lens. Taking health equity and social determinants of health into account contributes to the clinical and epidemiological understanding of the disease, identifying specific needs and supporting decision-making processes. Stakeholders are encouraged to consider using this guidance on observational research to help provide evidence to close the inequitable gaps in health outcomes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Improving social justice in observational studies: protocol for the development of a global and Indigenous STROBE-equity reporting guideline
    (2023) Funnell, Sarah; Jull, Janet; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Welch, Vivian; Dewidar, Omar; Wang, Xiaoqin; Lesperance, Miranda; Ghogomu, Elizabeth; Rizvi, Anita; Akl, Elie A.; Avey, Marc T.; Antequera, Alba; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Chamberlain, Catherine; Craig, Peter; Cuervo, Luis G.; Dicko, Alassane; Ellingwood, Holly; Feng, Cindy; Francis, Damian; Greer-Smith, Regina; Hardy, Billie-Jo; Harwood, Matire; Hatcher-Roberts, Janet; Horsley, Tanya; Juando-Prats, Clara; Kasonde, Mwenya; Kennedy, Michelle; Kredo, Tamara; Krentel, Alison; Kristjansson, Elizabeth; Langer, Laurenz; Little, Julian; Loder, Elizabeth; Magwood, Olivia; Mahande, Michael J.; Melendez-Torres, G. J.; Moore, Ainsley; Niba, Loveline L.; Nicholls, Stuart G.; Nkangu, Miriam N.; Lawson, Daeria O.; Obuku, Ekwaro; Okwen, Patrick; Pantoja Calderón, Tomás; Petkovic, Jennifer; Petticrew, Mark; Pottie, Kevin; Rader, Tamara; Ramke, Jacqueline; Riddle, Alison; Shamseer, Larissa; Sharp, Melissa; Shea, Bev; Tanuseputro, Peter; Tugwell, Peter; Tufte, Janice; Von Elm, Erik; Waddington, Hugh S.; Wang, Harry; Weeks, Laura; Wells, George; White, Howard; Wiysonge, Charles S.; Wolfenden, Luke; Young, Taryn
    Background Addressing persistent and pervasive health inequities is a global moral imperative, which has been highlighted and magnified by the societal and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Observational studies can aid our understanding of the impact of health and structural oppression based on the intersection of gender, race, ethnicity, age and other factors, as they frequently collect this data. However, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline, does not provide guidance related to reporting of health equity. The goal of this project is to develop a STROBE-Equity reporting guideline extension. Methods We assembled a diverse team across multiple domains, including gender, age, ethnicity, Indigenous background, disciplines, geographies, lived experience of health inequity and decision-making organizations. Using an inclusive, integrated knowledge translation approach, we will implement a five-phase plan which will include: (1) assessing the reporting of health equity in published observational studies, (2) seeking wide international feedback on items to improve reporting of health equity, (3) establishing consensus amongst knowledge users and researchers, (4) evaluating in partnership with Indigenous contributors the relevance to Indigenous peoples who have globally experienced the oppressive legacy of colonization, and (5) widely disseminating and seeking endorsement from relevant knowledge users. We will seek input from external collaborators using social media, mailing lists and other communication channels. Discussion Achieving global imperatives such as the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., SDG 10 Reduced inequalities, SDG 3 Good health and wellbeing) requires advancing health equity in research. The implementation of the STROBE-Equity guidelines will enable a better awareness and understanding of health inequities through better reporting. We will broadly disseminate the reporting guideline with tools to enable adoption and use by journal editors, authors, and funding agencies, using diverse strategies tailored to specific audiences.